Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Inhibitory Effects of Vaginal Lactobacilli on Candida albicans Growth, Hyphal Formation, Biofilm Development, and Epithelial Cell Adhesion

Tomonori Takano
ORCID logo ,
Hayami Kudo
,
Shuhei Eguchi
,
Asami Matsumoto
,
Kentaro Oka
,
Yukitaka Yamasaki
,
Motomichi Takahashi
,
Takuro Koshikawa
,
Hiromu Takemura
,
Yuka Yamagishi
,
Hiroshige Mikamo
,
Hiroyuki Kunishima
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 26 September 2022 / Approved: 27 September 2022 / Online: 27 September 2022 (12:34:41 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Takano, T.; Kudo, H.; Eguchi, S.; Matsumoto, A.; Oka, K.; Yamasaki, Y.; Takahashi, M.; Koshikawa, T.; Takemura, H.; Yamagishi, Y.; et al. Inhibitory Effects of Vaginal Lactobacilli on Candida Albicans Growth, Hyphal Formation, Biofilm Development, and Epithelial Cell Adhesion. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 2023, 13, doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1113401. Takano, T.; Kudo, H.; Eguchi, S.; Matsumoto, A.; Oka, K.; Yamasaki, Y.; Takahashi, M.; Koshikawa, T.; Takemura, H.; Yamagishi, Y.; et al. Inhibitory Effects of Vaginal Lactobacilli on Candida Albicans Growth, Hyphal Formation, Biofilm Development, and Epithelial Cell Adhesion. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 2023, 13, doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1113401.

Abstract

Antifungal agents are not always efficient in resolving vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a common genital infection caused by overgrowth of Candida spp., including Candida albicans, or preventing recurrent infections. Although lactobacilli (which are dominant microorganisms constituting healthy human vaginal microbiota) are important barriers against VVC, the Lactobacillus metabolite concentration needed to suppress VVC is unknown. Therefore, we quantitatively evaluated Lactobacillus metabolite concentrations to determine their effect on Candida spp., including 27 vaginal strains of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, with inhibitory abilities against biofilms of Candida clinical isolates. Lactobacillus culture supernatants suppressed viable bacteria by approximately 24%-92% relative to preformed Candida biofilms, but their suppression differed between strains, not species. Lactate production was necessary to suppress preformed biofilms and hyphal elongation of C. albicans, whereas hydrogen peroxide was not always essential. Both lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide were required to suppress Candida planktonic cell growth. Lactobacillus strains that significantly inhibited biofilm formation in culture supernatant also inhibited Candida adhesion to epithelial cells in an actual live bacterial adhesion competition test. Healthy human microflora and their metabolites may play important roles in the development of new antifungal agent against VVC caused by C. albicans.

Keywords

Candida albicans; Lactobacillus species; biofilm; probiotics

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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