Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Validation of the Malay Version of the Shame and Stigma Scale among Cancer Patients in Malaysia

Zheng Zhang
,
Nizuwan Azman
ORCID logo ,
Hui Ting Eyu
,
Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar
ORCID logo ,
Hajar Mohd Salleh Sahimi
ORCID logo ,
Mohd Razif Mohamad Yunus
,
Noorsuzana Mohd Shariff
ORCID logo ,
Rohayu Hami
,
Nor Shuhada Mansor
,
Ping Lu
* ,
Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 30 August 2022 / Approved: 31 August 2022 / Online: 31 August 2022 (15:49:35 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Zhang, Z.; Azman, N.; Eyu, H.T.; Nik Jaafar, N.R.; Mohd Salleh Sahimi, H.; Mohamad Yunus, M.R.; Mohd Shariff, N.; Hami, R.; Mansor, N.S.; Lu, P.; Leong Bin Abdullah, M.F.I. Validation of the Malay Version of the Shame and Stigma Scale among Cancer Patients in Malaysia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14266. Zhang, Z.; Azman, N.; Eyu, H.T.; Nik Jaafar, N.R.; Mohd Salleh Sahimi, H.; Mohamad Yunus, M.R.; Mohd Shariff, N.; Hami, R.; Mansor, N.S.; Lu, P.; Leong Bin Abdullah, M.F.I. Validation of the Malay Version of the Shame and Stigma Scale among Cancer Patients in Malaysia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14266.

Abstract

Assessment of stigma among cancer patients is of utmost importance as stigma may lead to various psychological sequelae and lower quality of life. This study aimed to translate the English version of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) into Malay and validate the Malay version of the SSS (SSS-M) among cancer patients in Malaysia. Initially, concurrent translation and back translation of the SSS-M was performed, and face and content validity were assessed. Then, the SSS-M was administered to a total of 234 patients of mixed types of cancer to assess its reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability), construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The SSS-M total score registered good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α of 0.886) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.846, p < 0.001). EFA and CFA confirmed that the SSS-M consisted of 20 items in 5 domains. Its convergent and discriminant validity were achieved. Hence, the SSS-M demonstrated good psychometric properties and is available for use to assess stigma among cancer patients in Malaysia.

Keywords

stigma; cancer patients; Malaysia; Malay version of the Shame and Stigma Scale; reliability; validity

Subject

Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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