Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Efficacy and Safety of Nutrient Supplements for Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review and Hierarchical Evidence Synthesis

Version 1 : Received: 4 May 2022 / Approved: 9 May 2022 / Online: 9 May 2022 (05:05:33 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Fong, C.; Alesi, S.; Mousa, A.; Moran, L.J.; Deed, G.; Grant, S.; Tapia, K.; Ee, C. Efficacy and Safety of Nutrient Supplements for Glycaemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review and Hierarchical Evidence Synthesis. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2295. Fong, C.; Alesi, S.; Mousa, A.; Moran, L.J.; Deed, G.; Grant, S.; Tapia, K.; Ee, C. Efficacy and Safety of Nutrient Supplements for Glycaemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review and Hierarchical Evidence Synthesis. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2295.

Abstract

Background: Nutrient supplements are widely used for type 2 diabetes (T2D) yet evidence-based guidance for clinicians is lacking. Methods: We searched the four electronic databases from November 2015–December 2021. The most recent, most comprehensive, high-ranked systematic reviews, meta-analyses and/or umbrella reviews of randomised controlled trials in adults with T2D were included. Data were extracted on study characteristics, aggregate outcome measures per group (glycemic control, measures of insulin sensitivity and secretion), adverse events, and GRADE assessments. Quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2. Results: Twelve meta-analyses and one umbrella review were included. There was very low certainty evidence that chromium, Vitamin C and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFAs) were superior to placebo for the primary outcome of HbA1c (MD -0.54%, -0.54% and ES -0.27 respectively). Probiotics were superior to placebo for HbA1c (WMD -0.43%). There was very low certainty evidence that Vitamin D was superior to placebo for lowering HbA1c in trials of <6 months (MD -0.17%). Magnesium, zinc, Vitamin C, probiotics and polyphenols were superior to placebo for FBG. Vitamin D was superior to placebo for insulin resistance. Data on safety was limited. Conclusions: Future research should identify who may benefit from nutrient supplementation, safety, and optimal regimens and formulations.

Keywords

type 2 diabetes; glycemic control; insulin resistance; nutrients; umbrella review

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Food Science and Technology

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