Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Transformation of Triglycerides to Fatty Acid Methyl Esters with Hydrophilic Sulfonated Silica (SiO2-SO3H) as Catalyst and Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Toluene or DMSO

Sandro Luiz Barbosa Santos
* ORCID logo ,
Adeline C. Pereira Rocha
,
David Lee Nelson
ORCID logo ,
Milton Souza Freitas
,
Antônio A. P. Fulgêncio Mestre
,
stanlei Ivair Klein
,
Giuliano Cesar Clososki
,
Franco Jazon Caires
,
Danilo L. Flumignan
,
Letícia Karen dos Santos
,
Alexandre Pereira Wentz
,
Vânya M. Duarte Pasa
,
Regiane D. Fernandes Rios
Version 1 : Received: 28 December 2021 / Approved: 4 January 2022 / Online: 4 January 2022 (15:24:55 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Barbosa, S.L.; Rocha, A.C.P.; Nelson, D.L.; de Freitas, M.S.; Mestre, A.A.P.F.; Klein, S.I.; Clososki, G.C.; Caires, F.J.; Flumignan, D.L.; dos Santos, L.K.; Wentz, A.P.; Pasa, V.M.D.; Rios, R.D.F. Catalytic Transformation of Triglycerides to Biodiesel with SiO2-SO3H and Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Toluene or DMSO. Molecules 2022, 27, 953. Barbosa, S.L.; Rocha, A.C.P.; Nelson, D.L.; de Freitas, M.S.; Mestre, A.A.P.F.; Klein, S.I.; Clososki, G.C.; Caires, F.J.; Flumignan, D.L.; dos Santos, L.K.; Wentz, A.P.; Pasa, V.M.D.; Rios, R.D.F. Catalytic Transformation of Triglycerides to Biodiesel with SiO2-SO3H and Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Toluene or DMSO. Molecules 2022, 27, 953.

Abstract

Triglycerides of waste cooking oil reacted with methanol in refluxing toluene to yield mixtures of diglycerides, monoglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the presence of 20% (w/w) catalyst/oil using the hydrophilic sulfonated silica (SiO2-SO3H) catalyst alone or with the addition of 10% (w/w) co-catalyst/oil [(Bun4N)](BF4) or Aliquat 336]. The addition of the ammonium salts to the catalyst lead to a decrease in the amounts of diglycerides in the products, but the concentrations of monoglycerides increased. Mixtures of [(Bun4N)](BF4)/catalyst were superior to catalyst alone or Aliquat 336/catalyst for promoting the production of mixtures with high concentrations of FAMEs. The same experiments were repeated using DMSO as the solvent. The use of the more polar solvent resulted in excellent conversion of the triglycerides to FAME esters with all three-catalyst media. A simplified mechanism is presented to account for the experimental results.

Keywords

hydrophilic sulfonated silica catalyst; Aliquat 336; tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate; transesterification; fatty acid methyl esters, DMSO.

Subject

Chemistry and Materials Science, Applied Chemistry

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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