Version 1
: Received: 27 July 2021 / Approved: 29 July 2021 / Online: 29 July 2021 (12:23:23 CEST)
How to cite:
Lai, A.; Bergna, A.; Toppo, S.; Morganti, M.; Menzo, S.; Ghisetti, V.; Bruzzone, B.; Codeluppi, M.; Fiore, V.; Venanzi Rullo, E.; Antonelli, G.; Sarmati, L.; Brindicci, G.; Callegaro, A.; Sagnelli, C.; Francisci, D.; Vicenti, I.; Miola, A.; Tonon, G.; Cirillo, D.; Menozzi, I.; Caucci, S.; Cerutti, F.; Orsi, A.; Schiavo, R.; Babudieri, S.; Nunnari, G.; Mastroianni, C.M.; Andreoni, M.; Monno, L.; Guarneri, D.; Coppola, N.; Crisanti, A.; Galli, M.; Zehender, G. Evolutionary Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Space and Time During the First Phase of the Epidemic in Italy. Preprints2021, 2021070654. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202107.0654.v1.
Lai, A.; Bergna, A.; Toppo, S.; Morganti, M.; Menzo, S.; Ghisetti, V.; Bruzzone, B.; Codeluppi, M.; Fiore, V.; Venanzi Rullo, E.; Antonelli, G.; Sarmati, L.; Brindicci, G.; Callegaro, A.; Sagnelli, C.; Francisci, D.; Vicenti, I.; Miola, A.; Tonon, G.; Cirillo, D.; Menozzi, I.; Caucci, S.; Cerutti, F.; Orsi, A.; Schiavo, R.; Babudieri, S.; Nunnari, G.; Mastroianni, C.M.; Andreoni, M.; Monno, L.; Guarneri, D.; Coppola, N.; Crisanti, A.; Galli, M.; Zehender, G. Evolutionary Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Space and Time During the First Phase of the Epidemic in Italy. Preprints 2021, 2021070654. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202107.0654.v1.
Cite as:
Lai, A.; Bergna, A.; Toppo, S.; Morganti, M.; Menzo, S.; Ghisetti, V.; Bruzzone, B.; Codeluppi, M.; Fiore, V.; Venanzi Rullo, E.; Antonelli, G.; Sarmati, L.; Brindicci, G.; Callegaro, A.; Sagnelli, C.; Francisci, D.; Vicenti, I.; Miola, A.; Tonon, G.; Cirillo, D.; Menozzi, I.; Caucci, S.; Cerutti, F.; Orsi, A.; Schiavo, R.; Babudieri, S.; Nunnari, G.; Mastroianni, C.M.; Andreoni, M.; Monno, L.; Guarneri, D.; Coppola, N.; Crisanti, A.; Galli, M.; Zehender, G. Evolutionary Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Space and Time During the First Phase of the Epidemic in Italy. Preprints2021, 2021070654. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202107.0654.v1.
Lai, A.; Bergna, A.; Toppo, S.; Morganti, M.; Menzo, S.; Ghisetti, V.; Bruzzone, B.; Codeluppi, M.; Fiore, V.; Venanzi Rullo, E.; Antonelli, G.; Sarmati, L.; Brindicci, G.; Callegaro, A.; Sagnelli, C.; Francisci, D.; Vicenti, I.; Miola, A.; Tonon, G.; Cirillo, D.; Menozzi, I.; Caucci, S.; Cerutti, F.; Orsi, A.; Schiavo, R.; Babudieri, S.; Nunnari, G.; Mastroianni, C.M.; Andreoni, M.; Monno, L.; Guarneri, D.; Coppola, N.; Crisanti, A.; Galli, M.; Zehender, G. Evolutionary Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Space and Time During the First Phase of the Epidemic in Italy. Preprints 2021, 2021070654. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202107.0654.v1.
Abstract
The aim of this study was the reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary dynamics in time and space in Italy and Europe between February and June 2020. The cluster analysis showed that pure Italian clusters were observed mainly after the lockdown and distancing measures were adopted. Lineage B and B.1 spread between late January and early February 2020, from China to Veneto and Lombardy, respectively. Lineage B.1.1 most probably evolved within Italy and spread from central to south Italian regions, and to European countries. The lineage B.1.1.1 entered Italy only in the second half of March and remained localized in Piedmont until June 2020. In conclusion, the reconstructed ancestral scenario suggests a central role of China and Italy in the widespread diffusion of the D614G variant in Europe in the early phase of the pandemic and more dispersed exchanges involving several European countries from the second half of March 2020.
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2; viral variants; molecular tracing
Subject
LIFE SCIENCES, Biochemistry
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.