Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Biomedical Effects of Popular Phytonutrients and Their Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review

Version 1 : Received: 12 June 2021 / Approved: 14 June 2021 / Online: 14 June 2021 (15:02:24 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Delgado, Y.; Cassé, C.; Ferrer-Acosta, Y.; Suárez-Arroyo, I.J.; Rodríguez-Zayas, J.; Torres, A.; Torres-Martínez, Z.; Pérez, D.; González, M.J.; Velázquez-Aponte, R.A.; Andino, J.; Correa-Rodríguez, C.; Franco, J.C.; Milán, W.; Rosario, G.; Velázquez, E.; Vega, J.; Colón, J.; Batista, C. Biomedical Effects of the Phytonutrients Turmeric, Garlic, Cinnamon, Graviola, and Oregano: A Comprehensive Review. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 8477. Delgado, Y.; Cassé, C.; Ferrer-Acosta, Y.; Suárez-Arroyo, I.J.; Rodríguez-Zayas, J.; Torres, A.; Torres-Martínez, Z.; Pérez, D.; González, M.J.; Velázquez-Aponte, R.A.; Andino, J.; Correa-Rodríguez, C.; Franco, J.C.; Milán, W.; Rosario, G.; Velázquez, E.; Vega, J.; Colón, J.; Batista, C. Biomedical Effects of the Phytonutrients Turmeric, Garlic, Cinnamon, Graviola, and Oregano: A Comprehensive Review. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 8477.

Abstract

Phytonutrients are plant foods that contain many natural bioactive compounds, called phytochemicals, which expose specific biological activities. These phytonutrients and their phytochemicals may play an important role in health care maintaining normal organism functions (as preventives) and fighting against diseases (as therapeutics). Phytonutrient’s components are the primary metabolites (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) and phytochemicals or secondary metabolites (i.e., phenolics, alkaloids, organosulfides, and terpenes). For years, several phytonutrients and their phytochemicals have demonstrated specific pharmacological and therapeutic effects in human health such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and immune response. This review summarizes the effects of the most studied or the most popular phytonutrients (i.e., turmeric, garlic, cinnamon, graviola, and oregano), and any contraindication found. This article also calculated the physicochemical properties of the main phytochemicals in the selected phytonutrients using Lipinski’s, Veber’s and Ghose’s rules. Based on our revisions for this article, all these phytonutrients have consistently shown several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies with great potential as preventives and therapeutics on many diseases.

Keywords

phytonutrients; phytochemicals; turmeric; garlic; cinnamon; graviola; oregano; Lipinski's Rule of 5; Veber’s Rules; Ghose Filter.

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergy

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