Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Badar Jahan
,
Mehar Fatma
,
Zebus Sehar
ORCID logo ,
Asim Masood
ORCID logo ,
Adriano Sofo
* ORCID logo ,
Ilaria D'Ippolito
,
Nafees A. Khan
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 1 June 2021 / Approved: 3 June 2021 / Online: 3 June 2021 (09:55:26 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Jahan, B.; Iqbal, N.; Fatma, M.; Sehar, Z.; Masood, A.; Sofo, A.; D’ippolito, I.; Khan, N.A. Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants 2021, 10, 1303. Jahan, B.; Iqbal, N.; Fatma, M.; Sehar, Z.; Masood, A.; Sofo, A.; D’ippolito, I.; Khan, N.A. Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants 2021, 10, 1303.

DOI: 10.3390/plants10071303

Abstract

In the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually or with a combination of the split dosage of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for the removal of damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants were grown with 50 mg N plus 50 mg S kg−1 soil at sowing time and an equivalent dosage at 20 days after sowing ([N50 + S50]0d + [N50 + S50]20d). Ethephon at 200 μL L‒1 was applied to combined split dosage of N and S with or without NaCl. Plants subjected to NaCl showed a deceased in growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as N and S assimilation, though, proline metabolism and antioxidants increased. The application of ethephon to plants grown with split N and S dosages significantly enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the assimilation of N and S, improving the content of proline and induction of the antioxidant system with or without NaCl. The regulation of ethylene and/or split form N and S application may be the potential tools for overcoming salt stress effects in this species and in related Brassicaceae.

Keywords

antioxidants; Brassica juncea; ethylene; nitrogen assimilation; proline metabolism; sulfur assimilation

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Anatomy and Physiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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