Version 1
: Received: 19 May 2021 / Approved: 21 May 2021 / Online: 21 May 2021 (08:24:47 CEST)
How to cite:
Ruhanya, V.; Jacobs, G.B.; Paul, R.; Joska, J.; Seedat, S.; Nyandoro, G.; Engelbrecht, S.; Glashoff, R.H. Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines are Related to MRI Measures of White and Gray Matter in HIV Infection. Preprints2021, 2021050501. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202105.0501.v1
Ruhanya, V.; Jacobs, G.B.; Paul, R.; Joska, J.; Seedat, S.; Nyandoro, G.; Engelbrecht, S.; Glashoff, R.H. Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines are Related to MRI Measures of White and Gray Matter in HIV Infection. Preprints 2021, 2021050501. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202105.0501.v1
Ruhanya, V.; Jacobs, G.B.; Paul, R.; Joska, J.; Seedat, S.; Nyandoro, G.; Engelbrecht, S.; Glashoff, R.H. Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines are Related to MRI Measures of White and Gray Matter in HIV Infection. Preprints2021, 2021050501. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202105.0501.v1
APA Style
Ruhanya, V., Jacobs, G.B., Paul, R., Joska, J., Seedat, S., Nyandoro, G., Engelbrecht, S., & Glashoff, R.H. (2021). Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines are Related to MRI Measures of White and Gray Matter in HIV Infection. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202105.0501.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ruhanya, V., Susan Engelbrecht and Richard Helmuth Glashoff. 2021 "Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines are Related to MRI Measures of White and Gray Matter in HIV Infection" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202105.0501.v1
Abstract
Background: HIV is accompanied by production of proinflammatory cytokines which are regarded as critical in neuronal damage, leading to brain dysfunction, hence the need to identify cytokine biomarkers sensitive to brain damage. Methods: We applied MRI volumetric neuroimaging and high throughput Luminex based immunoassays to examine the relationship between cortical white matter, subcortical gray matter and total gray matter brain volumes and plasma cytokines in HIV indviduals using generalised linear models and Partial least square regression model. Results: Higher plasma inflammatory cytokines CCL5/RANTES and MCP-1 were significantly associated with lower cortical white matter volume. Higher IL-6 was associated with both lower subcortical gray matter and lower total gray matter, whereas higher IL-8 and GM-CSF were associated with lower total gray matter only. Higher VEGF, PDGF-BB and IL-9 were associated with higher cortical white matter volumes. After standardisation and adjusting for clinical and demographic variables, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 remained associated with lower volumes of the three brain regions whereas IL-9, VEGF and PDGF-BB were associated with higher volumes. Conclusions: Association proinflammatory cytokines RANTES, MCP-1 and IL-6 with lower brain volumes could imply possible involvement in neurodegerative processes in HIV infection while IL-9, VEGF and PDGF may have a neuroprotective or neurotrophic role.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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