Neves, M.; Correia, S.; Cavaleiro, C.; Canhoto, J. Modulation of Organogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis by Ethylene: An Overview. Plants2021, 10, 1208.
Neves, M.; Correia, S.; Cavaleiro, C.; Canhoto, J. Modulation of Organogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis by Ethylene: An Overview. Plants 2021, 10, 1208.
Neves, M.; Correia, S.; Cavaleiro, C.; Canhoto, J. Modulation of Organogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis by Ethylene: An Overview. Plants2021, 10, 1208.
Neves, M.; Correia, S.; Cavaleiro, C.; Canhoto, J. Modulation of Organogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis by Ethylene: An Overview. Plants 2021, 10, 1208.
Abstract
Ethylene is a plant hormone controlling physiological and developmental processes such fruit maturation, hairy root formation and leaf abscission. Its effect on regeneration systems, such as organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis (SE), has been studied and progresses in molecular biology techniques have contributed to unveil mechanisms behind its effects. This compound affects regeneration differently, depending on the species, genotype and explant. In some species, ethylene seems to revert recalcitrance in genotypes with low regeneration capacity. However, its effect is not addictive, since in genotypes with high regeneration capacity this ability decreases in the presence of ethylene precursors, suggesting that regeneration is modulated by ethylene. Several lines of evidence have shown that the role of ethylene on regeneration is markedly connected to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as to hormonal-crosstalk, in particular with key regeneration hormones and growth regulators of the auxin and cytokinin families. Transcriptional factors of the ethylene response factor (ERF) family are regulated by ethylene and strongly connected to SE induction. Thus, an evident connection between ethylene, stress responses and regeneration capacity is markedly established. In this review the effect of ethylene and the way it interacts with other players during organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis is discussed.
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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