Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Variation of Deoxynivalenol levels in Corn and Its Products Available in Retail Markets of Punjab, Pakistan and Estimation of Risk Assessment

Shahzad Zafar Iqbal
* ORCID logo ,
Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
* ORCID logo ,
Sunusi Usman
ORCID logo ,
Nada Basheir Ali
,
Muhammad Rafique Asi
Version 1 : Received: 13 March 2021 / Approved: 15 March 2021 / Online: 15 March 2021 (12:04:05 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Iqbal, S.Z.; Razis, A.F.A.; Usman, S.; Ali, N.B.; Asi, M.R. Variation of Deoxynivalenol Levels in Corn and Its Products Available in Retail Markets of Punjab, Pakistan, and Estimation of Risk Assessment. Toxins 2021, 13, 296. Iqbal, S.Z.; Razis, A.F.A.; Usman, S.; Ali, N.B.; Asi, M.R. Variation of Deoxynivalenol Levels in Corn and Its Products Available in Retail Markets of Punjab, Pakistan, and Estimation of Risk Assessment. Toxins 2021, 13, 296.

Abstract

The study focused on investigating the natural incidence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in corn and products from corn producing districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The analysis was carried out using HPLC with UV detector and immunoaffinity cleanup columns. The detection limit (LOD) and limit of quantification were 25 and 50 µg/kg, respectively. Total 1220 samples of corn and products were analyzed to detect the DON, and 539 (44.2%) samples were observed to be contaminated with DON (n ≥ LOD). Furthermore, 92 (7.5%) samples of corn & products have DON levels, elevated than the proposed limits of the EU. The data is significantly different from a normal distribution for DON in corn and products samples and from different locations (p < 0.05) for Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov values. However, a significant difference in DON levels was found between corn and corn derived-products types (p ≤ 0.05). The lowest and highest exposure & hazard quotient (HQ) of 0.92 and 9.68 µg/kg bw/d were documented in cornflour samples.

Keywords

DON; corn; corn products; exposure; risk assessment

Subject

Chemistry and Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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