{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T10:35:26Z","timestamp":1678876526790},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world\u2019s population by 2050, and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities\u2019 surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution in cities, mosquito-borne diseases have largely been ignored. However, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of mosquito-borne diseases, many of which have an urban facet to their epidemiology and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Current health mitigation strategies for heat and pollution, for example, may, however, be detrimental for mosquito-borne diseases. Implementation of multi-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labor, and health) do exist or can be envisaged and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among multi-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18095035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T14:49:51Z","timestamp":1620658191000},"page":"5035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Challenges to Mitigating the Urban Health Burden of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Face of Climate Change"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7469-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ligsay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9473-8406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Telle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0665-5089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"COP21https:\/\/www.apc-paris.com\/cop-21"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32290-X"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability","first-page":"709","article-title":"Human Health: Impacts, Adaptation, and Co-Benefits","author":"Smith","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201045"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1109341"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability","first-page":"1132","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60576-6"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60854-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61692-X"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Assessing the Costs of Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review of the UNFCCC and Other Recent Estimates","author":"Parry","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415680a"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91152-5"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability","first-page":"391","article-title":"Human health","author":"Confalonieri","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JCLI2177.1"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 7): Injury Prevention and Environmental Health","first-page":"153","article-title":"Health Risks and Costs of Climate Variability and Change","author":"Ebi","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref16"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01675"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400357101"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150195"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Newshttps:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/en\/news\/population\/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14121600"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review","first-page":"712","author":"Stern","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Urban World: Mapping the Economic Power of Cities. McKinsey Global Institute, McKinsey and Company 2011https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/~\/media\/McKinsey\/Featured%20Insights\/Urbanization\/Urban%20world\/MGI_urban_world_mapping_economic_power_of_cities_full_report.pdf"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3301"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Improving Urban Health Equity through Action on the Social and Environmental Determinants of Health: Final Report of the Rocke-Feller Foundation Global Research Network on Urban Health Equity","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-011-9607-0"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18030941"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2141"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.003"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223802"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13084"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009024"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.087999"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"32","article-title":"Urban heat island and air pollution\u2014An emerging role for hospital respira-tory admissions in an urban area","volume":"72","author":"Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093877"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201224"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1360"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350203"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200109000-00022"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.12.001"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.03.010"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Urban Health Initiativeshttps:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/urban-health-initiative\/strategies"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2014.10.004"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2018.623"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0376-y"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00280"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508114112"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2507.181794"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.39.19676-en"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.101873"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.49.20333-en"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.09.19805-en"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.110130"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1413"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(92)90255-O"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2405.171609"},{"key":"ref57"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-015-1053-1"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1998)079<0409:BAPSOC>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109s1141"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30161-6"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0648-y"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51787-5"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.06.020"},{"key":"ref66","unstructured":"Zika Virushttp:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/zika\/en\/"},{"key":"ref67","unstructured":"Chikungunya Virushttps:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/chikungunya#tab=tab_1"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0562"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-1046-6"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11170"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10080222"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/26.5.454"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2104.140734"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12151"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12030213"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0740-6"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109442"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa128"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105739"},{"key":"ref80","unstructured":"Medical Entomology Studies\u2014VIII. Notes on the Taxonomic Status of Aedes Vittatus. (Diptera: Culicidae)http:\/\/mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info\/sites\/mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info\/files\/Huang%201977_0.pdf"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-188"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106143442401"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.53.103106.093258"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.768"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-6-10"},{"key":"ref86","series-title":"The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology","first-page":"239","author":"Monath","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.118"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0597-6"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"83","article-title":"Comparison of Ae. aegypti breeding in localities of different socio-economic groups of Delhi, India","volume":"2","author":"Vikram","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mosq. Res."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1321-7"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.06.016"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.09.001"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003976117"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3929\/ethz-b-000258216"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.158"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-008-9515-9"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(08)60019-4"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/7\/074009"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1512-9"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2005.04.003","article-title":"Thermal benefits of city parks","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2103.141662"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146539"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089783"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02762.x"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166768"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004551"},{"key":"ref107","series-title":"Global Vector Control Response 2017\u20132030","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62071-7"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901369106"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002213"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2490-1"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3376-6"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001793"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3454-3"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0630"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8727-1_24"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.0826"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0901.020220"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009005"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006822"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2016.02.005"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.12.003"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.189688"},{"key":"ref124","unstructured":"ISIMIPhttps:\/\/www.isimip.org\/"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302089111"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312330110"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/9\/5035\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T08:27:37Z","timestamp":1620721657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/9\/5035"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18095035"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18095035","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":["Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis","Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]}}}
{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T10:35:26Z","timestamp":1678876526790},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world\u2019s population by 2050, and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities\u2019 surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution in cities, mosquito-borne diseases have largely been ignored. However, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of mosquito-borne diseases, many of which have an urban facet to their epidemiology and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Current health mitigation strategies for heat and pollution, for example, may, however, be detrimental for mosquito-borne diseases. Implementation of multi-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labor, and health) do exist or can be envisaged and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among multi-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18095035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T14:49:51Z","timestamp":1620658191000},"page":"5035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Challenges to Mitigating the Urban Health Burden of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Face of Climate Change"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7469-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ligsay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9473-8406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Telle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0665-5089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"COP21https:\/\/www.apc-paris.com\/cop-21"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32290-X"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability","first-page":"709","article-title":"Human Health: Impacts, Adaptation, and Co-Benefits","author":"Smith","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201045"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1109341"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability","first-page":"1132","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60576-6"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60854-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61692-X"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Assessing the Costs of Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review of the UNFCCC and Other Recent Estimates","author":"Parry","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415680a"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91152-5"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability","first-page":"391","article-title":"Human health","author":"Confalonieri","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JCLI2177.1"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 7): Injury Prevention and Environmental Health","first-page":"153","article-title":"Health Risks and Costs of Climate Variability and Change","author":"Ebi","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref16"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01675"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400357101"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150195"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Newshttps:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/en\/news\/population\/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14121600"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review","first-page":"712","author":"Stern","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Urban World: Mapping the Economic Power of Cities. McKinsey Global Institute, McKinsey and Company 2011https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/~\/media\/McKinsey\/Featured%20Insights\/Urbanization\/Urban%20world\/MGI_urban_world_mapping_economic_power_of_cities_full_report.pdf"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3301"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Improving Urban Health Equity through Action on the Social and Environmental Determinants of Health: Final Report of the Rocke-Feller Foundation Global Research Network on Urban Health Equity","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-011-9607-0"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18030941"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2141"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.003"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223802"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13084"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009024"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.087999"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"32","article-title":"Urban heat island and air pollution\u2014An emerging role for hospital respira-tory admissions in an urban area","volume":"72","author":"Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093877"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201224"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1360"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350203"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200109000-00022"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.12.001"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.03.010"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Urban Health Initiativeshttps:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/urban-health-initiative\/strategies"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2014.10.004"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2018.623"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0376-y"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00280"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508114112"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2507.181794"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.39.19676-en"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.101873"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.49.20333-en"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.09.19805-en"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.110130"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1413"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(92)90255-O"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2405.171609"},{"key":"ref57"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-015-1053-1"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1998)0792.0.CO;2"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109s1141"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30161-6"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0648-y"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51787-5"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.06.020"},{"key":"ref66","unstructured":"Zika Virushttp:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/zika\/en\/"},{"key":"ref67","unstructured":"Chikungunya Virushttps:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/chikungunya#tab=tab_1"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0562"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-1046-6"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11170"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10080222"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/26.5.454"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2104.140734"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12151"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12030213"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0740-6"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109442"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa128"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105739"},{"key":"ref80","unstructured":"Medical Entomology Studies\u2014VIII. Notes on the Taxonomic Status of Aedes Vittatus. (Diptera: Culicidae)http:\/\/mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info\/sites\/mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info\/files\/Huang%201977_0.pdf"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-188"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106143442401"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.53.103106.093258"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.768"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-6-10"},{"key":"ref86","series-title":"The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology","first-page":"239","author":"Monath","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.118"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0597-6"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"83","article-title":"Comparison of Ae. aegypti breeding in localities of different socio-economic groups of Delhi, India","volume":"2","author":"Vikram","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mosq. Res."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1321-7"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.06.016"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.09.001"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003976117"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3929\/ethz-b-000258216"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.158"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-008-9515-9"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(08)60019-4"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/7\/074009"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1512-9"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2005.04.003","article-title":"Thermal benefits of city parks","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2103.141662"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146539"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089783"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02762.x"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166768"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004551"},{"key":"ref107","series-title":"Global Vector Control Response 2017\u20132030","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62071-7"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901369106"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002213"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2490-1"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3376-6"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001793"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3454-3"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0630"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8727-1_24"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.0826"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0901.020220"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009005"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006822"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2016.02.005"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.12.003"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.189688"},{"key":"ref124","unstructured":"ISIMIPhttps:\/\/www.isimip.org\/"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302089111"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312330110"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/9\/5035\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T08:27:37Z","timestamp":1620721657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/9\/5035"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18095035"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18095035","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":["Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis","Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]}}}
{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T10:35:26Z","timestamp":1678876526790},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world\u2019s population by 2050, and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities\u2019 surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution in cities, mosquito-borne diseases have largely been ignored. However, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of mosquito-borne diseases, many of which have an urban facet to their epidemiology and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Current health mitigation strategies for heat and pollution, for example, may, however, be detrimental for mosquito-borne diseases. Implementation of multi-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labor, and health) do exist or can be envisaged and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among multi-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18095035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T14:49:51Z","timestamp":1620658191000},"page":"5035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Challenges to Mitigating the Urban Health Burden of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Face of Climate Change"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7469-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ligsay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9473-8406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Telle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0665-5089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"COP21https:\/\/www.apc-paris.com\/cop-21"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32290-X"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability","first-page":"709","article-title":"Human Health: Impacts, Adaptation, and Co-Benefits","author":"Smith","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201045"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1109341"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability","first-page":"1132","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60576-6"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60854-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61692-X"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Assessing the Costs of Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review of the UNFCCC and Other Recent Estimates","author":"Parry","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415680a"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91152-5"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability","first-page":"391","article-title":"Human health","author":"Confalonieri","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JCLI2177.1"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 7): Injury Prevention and Environmental Health","first-page":"153","article-title":"Health Risks and Costs of Climate Variability and Change","author":"Ebi","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref16"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01675"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400357101"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150195"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Newshttps:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/en\/news\/population\/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14121600"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review","first-page":"712","author":"Stern","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Urban World: Mapping the Economic Power of Cities. McKinsey Global Institute, McKinsey and Company 2011https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/~\/media\/McKinsey\/Featured%20Insights\/Urbanization\/Urban%20world\/MGI_urban_world_mapping_economic_power_of_cities_full_report.pdf"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3301"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Improving Urban Health Equity through Action on the Social and Environmental Determinants of Health: Final Report of the Rocke-Feller Foundation Global Research Network on Urban Health Equity","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-011-9607-0"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18030941"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2141"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.003"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223802"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13084"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009024"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.087999"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"32","article-title":"Urban heat island and air pollution\u2014An emerging role for hospital respira-tory admissions in an urban area","volume":"72","author":"Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093877"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201224"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1360"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350203"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200109000-00022"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.12.001"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.03.010"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Urban Health Initiativeshttps:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/urban-health-initiative\/strategies"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2014.10.004"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2018.623"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0376-y"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00280"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508114112"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2507.181794"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.39.19676-en"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.101873"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.49.20333-en"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.09.19805-en"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.110130"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1413"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(92)90255-O"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2405.171609"},{"key":"ref57"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-015-1053-1"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1998)079<0409:BAPSOC>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109s1141"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30161-6"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0648-y"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51787-5"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.06.020"},{"key":"ref66","unstructured":"Zika Virushttp:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/zika\/en\/"},{"key":"ref67","unstructured":"Chikungunya Virushttps:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/chikungunya#tab=tab_1"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0562"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-1046-6"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11170"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10080222"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/26.5.454"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2104.140734"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12151"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12030213"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0740-6"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109442"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa128"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105739"},{"key":"ref80","unstructured":"Medical Entomology Studies\u2014VIII. Notes on the Taxonomic Status of Aedes Vittatus. (Diptera: Culicidae)http:\/\/mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info\/sites\/mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info\/files\/Huang%201977_0.pdf"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-188"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106143442401"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.53.103106.093258"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.768"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-6-10"},{"key":"ref86","series-title":"The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology","first-page":"239","author":"Monath","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.118"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0597-6"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"83","article-title":"Comparison of Ae. aegypti breeding in localities of different socio-economic groups of Delhi, India","volume":"2","author":"Vikram","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mosq. Res."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1321-7"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.06.016"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.09.001"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003976117"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3929\/ethz-b-000258216"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.158"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-008-9515-9"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(08)60019-4"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/7\/074009"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1512-9"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2005.04.003","article-title":"Thermal benefits of city parks","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2103.141662"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146539"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089783"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02762.x"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166768"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004551"},{"key":"ref107","series-title":"Global Vector Control Response 2017\u20132030","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62071-7"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901369106"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002213"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2490-1"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3376-6"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001793"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3454-3"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0630"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8727-1_24"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.0826"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0901.020220"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009005"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006822"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2016.02.005"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.12.003"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.189688"},{"key":"ref124","unstructured":"ISIMIPhttps:\/\/www.isimip.org\/"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302089111"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312330110"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/9\/5035\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T08:27:37Z","timestamp":1620721657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/9\/5035"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18095035"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18095035","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":["Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis","Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]}}}
{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T10:35:26Z","timestamp":1678876526790},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world\u2019s population by 2050, and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities\u2019 surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution in cities, mosquito-borne diseases have largely been ignored. However, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of mosquito-borne diseases, many of which have an urban facet to their epidemiology and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Current health mitigation strategies for heat and pollution, for example, may, however, be detrimental for mosquito-borne diseases. Implementation of multi-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labor, and health) do exist or can be envisaged and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among multi-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18095035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T14:49:51Z","timestamp":1620658191000},"page":"5035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Challenges to Mitigating the Urban Health Burden of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Face of Climate Change"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7469-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ligsay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9473-8406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Telle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0665-5089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"COP21https:\/\/www.apc-paris.com\/cop-21"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32290-X"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability","first-page":"709","article-title":"Human Health: Impacts, Adaptation, and Co-Benefits","author":"Smith","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201045"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1109341"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability","first-page":"1132","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60576-6"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60854-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61692-X"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Assessing the Costs of Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review of the UNFCCC and Other Recent Estimates","author":"Parry","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415680a"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91152-5"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability","first-page":"391","article-title":"Human health","author":"Confalonieri","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JCLI2177.1"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 7): Injury Prevention and Environmental Health","first-page":"153","article-title":"Health Risks and Costs of Climate Variability and Change","author":"Ebi","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref16"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01675"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400357101"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150195"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Newshttps:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/en\/news\/population\/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14121600"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review","first-page":"712","author":"Stern","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Urban World: Mapping the Economic Power of Cities. McKinsey Global Institute, McKinsey and Company 2011https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/~\/media\/McKinsey\/Featured%20Insights\/Urbanization\/Urban%20world\/MGI_urban_world_mapping_economic_power_of_cities_full_report.pdf"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3301"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Improving Urban Health Equity through Action on the Social and Environmental Determinants of Health: Final Report of the Rocke-Feller Foundation Global Research Network on Urban Health Equity","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-011-9607-0"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18030941"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2141"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.003"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223802"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13084"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009024"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.087999"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"32","article-title":"Urban heat island and air pollution\u2014An emerging role for hospital respira-tory admissions in an urban area","volume":"72","author":"Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093877"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201224"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1360"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350203"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200109000-00022"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.12.001"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.03.010"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Urban Health Initiativeshttps:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/urban-health-initiative\/strategies"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2014.10.004"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2018.623"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0376-y"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00280"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508114112"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2507.181794"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.39.19676-en"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.101873"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.49.20333-en"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.09.19805-en"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.110130"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1413"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(92)90255-O"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2405.171609"},{"key":"ref57"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-015-1053-1"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1998)0792.0.CO;2"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109s1141"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30161-6"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0648-y"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51787-5"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.06.020"},{"key":"ref66","unstructured":"Zika Virushttp:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/zika\/en\/"},{"key":"ref67","unstructured":"Chikungunya Virushttps:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/chikungunya#tab=tab_1"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0562"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-1046-6"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11170"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10080222"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/26.5.454"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2104.140734"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12151"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12030213"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0740-6"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109442"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa128"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105739"},{"key":"ref80","unstructured":"Medical Entomology Studies\u2014VIII. Notes on the Taxonomic Status of Aedes Vittatus. (Diptera: Culicidae)http:\/\/mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info\/sites\/mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info\/files\/Huang%201977_0.pdf"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-188"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106143442401"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.53.103106.093258"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.768"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-6-10"},{"key":"ref86","series-title":"The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology","first-page":"239","author":"Monath","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.118"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0597-6"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"83","article-title":"Comparison of Ae. aegypti breeding in localities of different socio-economic groups of Delhi, India","volume":"2","author":"Vikram","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mosq. Res."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1321-7"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.06.016"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.09.001"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003976117"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3929\/ethz-b-000258216"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.158"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-008-9515-9"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(08)60019-4"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/7\/074009"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1512-9"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2005.04.003","article-title":"Thermal benefits of city parks","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2103.141662"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146539"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089783"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02762.x"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166768"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004551"},{"key":"ref107","series-title":"Global Vector Control Response 2017\u20132030","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62071-7"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901369106"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002213"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2490-1"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3376-6"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001793"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3454-3"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0630"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8727-1_24"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.0826"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0901.020220"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009005"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006822"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2016.02.005"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.12.003"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.189688"},{"key":"ref124","unstructured":"ISIMIPhttps:\/\/www.isimip.org\/"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302089111"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312330110"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/9\/5035\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T08:27:37Z","timestamp":1620721657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/9\/5035"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph18095035"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18095035","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":["Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis","Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]}}}
Abstract
Cities worldwide are facing ever-increasing pressure to develop mitigation strategies for all sectors to deal with the impacts of climate change. Cities are expected to house 70% of the world’s population by 2050 and developing related resilient health systems is a significant challenge. Because of their physical nature, cities’ surface temperatures are often substantially higher than that of the surrounding rural areas, generating the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Whilst considerable emphasis has been placed on strategies to mitigate against the UHI-associated negative health effects of heat and pollution, the World Health Organization estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of such vector-borne diseases. Many of the major mosquito-borne diseases are urban and thus the global population exposed to these pathogens will steadily increase. Mitigation strategies beneficial for one sector may, however, be detrimental for another. Implementation of inter-sectoral strategies that can benefit many sectors (such as water, labour and health) do exist and would enable optimal use of the meagre resources available. Discussion among inter-sectoral stakeholders should be actively encouraged.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
