Preprint Article Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Real-Time Musculoskeletal Kinematics and Dynamics Analysis Using Marker- and IMU-based Solutions in Rehabilitation

Dimitar Stanev
* ORCID logo ,
Konstantinos Filip
ORCID logo ,
Dimitrios Bitzas
,
Sokratis Zouras
,
Georgios Giarmatzis
,
Dimitrios Tsaopoulos
,
Konstantinos Moustakas
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 5 February 2021 / Approved: 8 February 2021 / Online: 8 February 2021 (12:14:52 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 25 February 2021 / Approved: 26 February 2021 / Online: 26 February 2021 (12:07:54 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Stanev, D.; Filip, K.; Bitzas, D.; Zouras, S.; Giarmatzis, G.; Tsaopoulos, D.; Moustakas, K. Real-Time Musculoskeletal Kinematics and Dynamics Analysis Using Marker- and IMU-Based Solutions in Rehabilitation. Sensors 2021, 21, 1804. Stanev, D.; Filip, K.; Bitzas, D.; Zouras, S.; Giarmatzis, G.; Tsaopoulos, D.; Moustakas, K. Real-Time Musculoskeletal Kinematics and Dynamics Analysis Using Marker- and IMU-Based Solutions in Rehabilitation. Sensors 2021, 21, 1804.

Abstract

This study aims to explore the possibility of estimating a multitude of kinematic and dynamic quantities using subject-specific musculoskeletal models in real-time. The framework was designed to operate with marker-based and inertial measurement units enabling extensions far beyond dedicated motion capture laboratories. We present the technical details for calculating the kinematics, generalized forces, muscle forces, joint reaction loads, and predicting ground reaction wrenches during walking. Emphasis was given to reduce computational latency while maintaining accuracy as compared to the offline counterpart. Notably, we highlight the influence of adequate filtering and differentiation under noisy conditions and its importance for consequent dynamic calculations. Real-time estimates of the joint moments, muscle forces, and reaction loads closely resemble OpenSim's offline analyses. Model-based estimation of ground reaction wrenches demonstrates that even a small error can negatively affect other estimated quantities. An application of the developed system is demonstrated in the context of rehabilitation and gait retraining. We expect that such a system will find numerous applications in laboratory settings and outdoor conditions with the advent of predicting or sensing environment interactions. Therefore, we hope that this open-source framework will be a significant milestone for solving this grand challenge.

Supplementary and Associated Material

Keywords

musculoskeletal; kinematics; dynamics; muscle forces; joint reactions; ground reactions; inertial measurement units

Subject

Engineering, Automotive Engineering

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Comments (1)

Comment 1
Received: 26 February 2021
Commenter: Dimitar Stanev
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Comment: Mostly minor changes to the text corresponding to reviewers' comments.
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