Version 1
: Received: 14 January 2021 / Approved: 15 January 2021 / Online: 15 January 2021 (13:30:21 CET)
How to cite:
Serrano-Aroca, Á.; Takayama, K.; Tuñón-Molina, A.; Seyran, M.; Hassan, S.S.; Pal Choudhury, P.; N. Uversky, V.; Lundstrom, K.; Adadi, P.; Palù, G.; A. A. Aljabali, A.; Chauhan, G.; Kandimalla, R.; M. Tambuwala, M.; Lal, A.; D. Uhal, B.; M. Brufsky, A. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Promising Antiviral Agents to Combat COVID-19 in the Microbial Resistant Era. Preprints2021, 2021010297 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0297.v1).
Serrano-Aroca, Á.; Takayama, K.; Tuñón-Molina, A.; Seyran, M.; Hassan, S.S.; Pal Choudhury, P.; N. Uversky, V.; Lundstrom, K.; Adadi, P.; Palù, G.; A. A. Aljabali, A.; Chauhan, G.; Kandimalla, R.; M. Tambuwala, M.; Lal, A.; D. Uhal, B.; M. Brufsky, A. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Promising Antiviral Agents to Combat COVID-19 in the Microbial Resistant Era. Preprints 2021, 2021010297 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0297.v1).
Cite as:
Serrano-Aroca, Á.; Takayama, K.; Tuñón-Molina, A.; Seyran, M.; Hassan, S.S.; Pal Choudhury, P.; N. Uversky, V.; Lundstrom, K.; Adadi, P.; Palù, G.; A. A. Aljabali, A.; Chauhan, G.; Kandimalla, R.; M. Tambuwala, M.; Lal, A.; D. Uhal, B.; M. Brufsky, A. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Promising Antiviral Agents to Combat COVID-19 in the Microbial Resistant Era. Preprints2021, 2021010297 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0297.v1).
Serrano-Aroca, Á.; Takayama, K.; Tuñón-Molina, A.; Seyran, M.; Hassan, S.S.; Pal Choudhury, P.; N. Uversky, V.; Lundstrom, K.; Adadi, P.; Palù, G.; A. A. Aljabali, A.; Chauhan, G.; Kandimalla, R.; M. Tambuwala, M.; Lal, A.; D. Uhal, B.; M. Brufsky, A. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Promising Antiviral Agents to Combat COVID-19 in the Microbial Resistant Era. Preprints 2021, 2021010297 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0297.v1).
Abstract
Therapeutic options for the highly pathogenic human Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the current pandemic Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are urgently needed. COVID-19 is associated with viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome causing significant morbidity and mortality. The proposed treatments for COVID-19, such as hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir and lopinavir/ritonavir, have shown little or no effect in the clinic. Additionally, bacterial and fungal pathogens contribute to the SARS-CoV-2 mediated pneumonia disease complex. The antibiotic resistance in pneumonia treatment is increasing at an alarming rate. Therefore, carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs), such as fullerene, carbon dots, graphene, and their derivatives constitute a promising alternative due to their wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and capacity to induce tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the antimicrobial mode of action is mainly physical (e.g. membrane distortion), which is characterized by a low risk of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we evaluated the literature on the antiviral activity and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties of CBNs. CBNs had antiviral activity against 12 enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses similar to SARS-CoV-2. CBNs with low or no toxicity to the humans are promising therapeutics against COVID-19 pneumonia complex with other viruses, bacteria and fungi, including those that are multidrug-resistant.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ángel Serrano-Aroca
*
,
Alberto Tuñón-Molina
Sk. Sarif Hassan
Vladimir N. Uversky
Murtaza M. Tambuwala