Review
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Genetic Environments of Plasmid-Mediated blaCTXM-15 beta-lactamase gene in Enterobacteriaceae from Africa
Version 1
: Received: 4 December 2020 / Approved: 7 December 2020 / Online: 7 December 2020 (12:49:16 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Abstract
The most widely distributed blaCTX-M gene on a global scale is blaCTX-M-15. The dissemination has been associated with clonal spread and different types of mobile genetic elements. This study aimed to review and describe the genetic environments of blaCTX-M-15 gene detected from Enterobacteriaceae in published literature from Africa. A literature search for relevant articles was done through PubMed, and Google Scholars electronic databases, 43 articles from 17 African countries were included in the review based on the eligibility criteria. Insertion sequences were reported as part of the genetic environment of blaCTX-M-15 gene in 32 studies, integrons in 13 studies, and plasmids in 23 studies. In this review, five insertion sequences including ISEcp1, IS26, orf447, IS903, and IS3 have been detected associated with the genetic environment of blaCTX-M-15 in Africa. Seven different genetic patterns were seen in blaCTX-M-15 genetic environment. Insertion sequence ISEcp1 was commonly located upstream of the end of the blaCTX-M-15 gene while insertion sequence orf477 was located downstream. In some studies, ISEcp1 was truncated upstream of blaCTX-M-15 by insertion sequences IS26 and IS3. Class 1 integron (Intl1) was most reported to be associated with blaCTX-M-15 (13 studies), with Intl1/dfrA17–aadA5 being the most common gene cassette array. IncFIA-FIB-FII multi-replicons and IncHI2 replicon types were the most common plasmid replicon types that horizontally transfer blaCTX-M-15 gene. Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were commonly collocated with blaCTX-M-15 gene on plasmids. This review revealed the predominant role of ISEcp1, Intl1and IncF plasmid in the mobilization and continental dissemination of the blaCTX-M-15 gene in Africa.
Keywords
Antimicrobial resistance; blaCTX-M-15; genetic environment; mobile genetic elements; Africa
Subject
LIFE SCIENCES, Biochemistry
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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