Giacomoni, P.U. Appropriate Technologies to Accompany Sunscreens in the Battle Against Ultraviolet, Superoxide, and Singlet Oxygen. Antioxidants2020, 9, 1091.
Giacomoni, P.U. Appropriate Technologies to Accompany Sunscreens in the Battle Against Ultraviolet, Superoxide, and Singlet Oxygen. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1091.
Giacomoni, P.U. Appropriate Technologies to Accompany Sunscreens in the Battle Against Ultraviolet, Superoxide, and Singlet Oxygen. Antioxidants2020, 9, 1091.
Giacomoni, P.U. Appropriate Technologies to Accompany Sunscreens in the Battle Against Ultraviolet, Superoxide, and Singlet Oxygen. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1091.
Abstract
The interaction of ultraviolet radiation with biological matter results in direct damage such as pyrimidine dimers in DNA. It also results in indirect damage provoked by the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) catalyzed by photo-sensitizers. Photosensitizers can be endogenous (e.g. Tryptophan) or exogenous (e.g. TiO2 and other photo-stable UVA sunscreens). Direct damage triggers an inflammatory response and the oxidative and proteolytic bursts that characterize its onset. The inflammatory reaction multiplies the effects of one single photon. Indirect damage, such as the peroxidative cascade in membrane lipids, can extend to thousands of molecular modifications per absorbed photon. Sunscreens should therefore be formulated in the presence of appropriate anti-oxidants. Superoxide and Singlet Oxygen are the main ROS that need to be tackled: this review describes some of the molecular, biochemical, cellular and clinical consequences of exposure to UV radiation as well as some results associated with scavengers and quenchers of Superoxide and Singlet Oxygen, as well as with inhibitors of singlet Oxygen production.
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
