Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Staphylococcus aureus Internalization in Osteoblast Cells: Mechanisms, Interactions and Biochemical Processes. What did We Learn from Experimental Models?

Nicolò Musso
ORCID logo ,
Stefano Stracquadanio
* ORCID logo ,
Angelita Costantino
,
Lorenzo Mattia Lazzaro
,
Stefania Stefani
ORCID logo ,
Dafne Bongiorno
Version 1 : Received: 19 October 2020 / Approved: 20 October 2020 / Online: 20 October 2020 (12:08:32 CEST)

How to cite: Musso, N.; Stracquadanio, S.; Costantino, A.; Lazzaro, L.M.; Stefani, S.; Bongiorno, D. Staphylococcus aureus Internalization in Osteoblast Cells: Mechanisms, Interactions and Biochemical Processes. What did We Learn from Experimental Models?. Preprints 2020, 2020100412. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202010.0412.v1 Musso, N.; Stracquadanio, S.; Costantino, A.; Lazzaro, L.M.; Stefani, S.; Bongiorno, D. Staphylococcus aureus Internalization in Osteoblast Cells: Mechanisms, Interactions and Biochemical Processes. What did We Learn from Experimental Models?. Preprints 2020, 2020100412. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202010.0412.v1

Abstract

Bacterial internalization is a strategy that non-intracellular microorganisms use to escape the host immune system and survive inside the human body. Among bacteria species, Staphylococcus aureus showed ability to interact and infect osteoblasts causing osteomyelitis as well as bone and joint infection, while also becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotic therapy and a reservoir of bacteria that can make the infection difficult to cure. Despite being a serious issue in orthopedic surgery, little is known about the mechanisms that allow bacteria to enter and survive inside the osteoblasts, also due to the lack of consistent experimental models. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about S. aureus internalization mechanisms and various aspects of the interaction between bacteria and osteoblasts (e.g. best experimental conditions, bacteria-induced damages and immune system response), focusing on studies performed using the MG-63 osteoblastic cell line, so far the best model for the study of this phenomenon.

Keywords

Human Osteoblast; MG-63; Staphylococcus aureus; internalization mechanisms

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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