A Comprehensive Evolutionary Theory Deduced from Thermodynamics

Ji-Ming Chen

doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0004.v8

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preprints.org > biology and life sciences > anatomy and physiology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202010.0004.v8

Preprint Hypothesis Version 8 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

A Comprehensive Evolutionary Theory Deduced from Thermodynamics

Ji-Ming Chen

Version 1 : Received: 30 September 2020 / Approved: 1 October 2020 / Online: 1 October 2020 (08:53:19 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 2 October 2020 / Approved: 2 October 2020 / Online: 2 October 2020 (14:36:24 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 3 November 2020 / Approved: 3 November 2020 / Online: 3 November 2020 (12:46:41 CET)
Version 4 : Received: 19 November 2020 / Approved: 20 November 2020 / Online: 20 November 2020 (11:30:48 CET)
Version 5 : Received: 27 November 2020 / Approved: 27 November 2020 / Online: 27 November 2020 (16:45:19 CET)
Version 6 : Received: 8 December 2020 / Approved: 9 December 2020 / Online: 9 December 2020 (11:01:03 CET)
Version 7 : Received: 27 January 2021 / Approved: 28 January 2021 / Online: 28 January 2021 (12:25:54 CET)
Version 8 : Received: 10 May 2021 / Approved: 10 May 2021 / Online: 10 May 2021 (10:21:15 CEST)
Version 9 : Received: 17 June 2021 / Approved: 17 June 2021 / Online: 17 June 2021 (11:56:15 CEST)
Version 10 : Received: 26 July 2021 / Approved: 26 July 2021 / Online: 26 July 2021 (12:02:52 CEST)
Version 11 : Received: 18 August 2021 / Approved: 18 August 2021 / Online: 18 August 2021 (09:57:59 CEST)
Version 12 : Received: 9 April 2024 / Approved: 10 April 2024 / Online: 10 April 2024 (10:50:26 CEST)
Version 13 : Received: 13 April 2024 / Approved: 15 April 2024 / Online: 16 April 2024 (10:36:09 CEST)

How to cite: Chen, J. A Comprehensive Evolutionary Theory Deduced from Thermodynamics. Preprints 2020, 2020100004. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202010.0004.v8 Chen, J. A Comprehensive Evolutionary Theory Deduced from Thermodynamics. Preprints 2020, 2020100004. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202010.0004.v8

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, J. A Comprehensive Evolutionary Theory Deduced from Thermodynamics. Preprints 2020, 2020100004. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202010.0004.v8

APA Style

Chen, J. (2021). A Comprehensive Evolutionary Theory Deduced from Thermodynamics. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202010.0004.v8

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, J. 2021 "A Comprehensive Evolutionary Theory Deduced from Thermodynamics" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202010.0004.v8

Abstract

The current evolutionary theories have remained incomplete, controversial, and stagnant for multiple decades. To solve this issue, we create the concept of carbon-based entities (CBEs) which include methane, amino acids, proteins, organisms, and other entities containing carbon atoms. We deduce from thermodynamics the driving force, the progressive mechanisms, and the major steps of evolution of CBEs, and hence establish a comprehensive evolutionary theory termed the CBE evolutionary theory (CBEET). The CBEET demonstrates that evolution is driven hierarchy-wise by thermodynamics and favors fitness and diversity. It provides novel explanations for origin of life (abiogenesis), macroevolution, natural selection, sympatric speciation, evolution tempos, animal group evolution, and human society development in a comprehensive and comprehensible way. It elucidates that collaboration, altruism, obeying rules with properly increased freedom are important throughout evolution of CBEs. It refutes thoroughly the wrong notion that negative entropy (negentropy) leads to biological order which is distinct from thermodynamic order. It integrates with research advances in multiple disciplines and bridges laws of physics, evolution in biology, and harmonious development of human society.

Keywords

carbon-based entity; driving force; energy; evolution; fitness; mechanism; natural selection; speciation; thermodynamics; theory

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Anatomy and Physiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Comments (1)

Comment 1

Received: 10 May 2021
Commenter: Ji-Ming Chen
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author

Comment: The major views of this article remain unchanged. Many sentences in this article have been revised, and some parts of this article have been moved to the Supplementary Notes after the section of References.

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