The Utility of Grimace Scales for Practical Pain Assessment in Laboratory Animals

Daniel Mota-Rojas; Adriana Olmos-Hernández; Antonio Verduzco-Mendozab; Elein Hernández; Julio Martínez-Burnes; Alexandra Whittaker

doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0101.v1

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preprints.org > biology and life sciences > animal science, veterinary science and zoology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202009.0101.v1

Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Utility of Grimace Scales for Practical Pain Assessment in Laboratory Animals

Daniel Mota-Rojas

Adriana Olmos-Hernández

Antonio Verduzco-Mendozab

Elein Hernández

Julio Martínez-Burnes

Alexandra Whittaker

Version 1 : Received: 4 September 2020 / Approved: 4 September 2020 / Online: 4 September 2020 (11:18:42 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Mota-Rojas, D.; Olmos-Hernández, A.; Verduzco-Mendoza, A.; Hernández, E.; Martínez-Burnes, J.; Whittaker, A.L. The Utility of Grimace Scales for Practical Pain Assessment in Laboratory Animals. Animals 2020, 10, 1838. Mota-Rojas, D.; Olmos-Hernández, A.; Verduzco-Mendoza, A.; Hernández, E.; Martínez-Burnes, J.; Whittaker, A.L. The Utility of Grimace Scales for Practical Pain Assessment in Laboratory Animals. Animals 2020, 10, 1838.

Abstract

Animals’ facial expressions have been widely used as a readout for emotion. Scientific interest in the facial expressions of laboratory animals has centered primarily on negative experiences, such as pain, experienced as a result of scientific research procedures. Recent attempts to standardize evaluation of facial expressions associated with pain in laboratory animals has culminated in the development of “grimace scales”. In the context of laboratory animals, these have been developed and evaluated for mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, and ferrets. The prevention or relief of pain in laboratory animals is a fundamental requirement for in vivo research to satisfy community expectations. However, to date it appears that the grimace scales have not seen widespread implementation as clinical pain assessment techniques in biomedical research. In this review, we discuss some of the barriers to implementation of the scales in clinical laboratory animal medicine, progress made in automation of collection, and suggest avenues for future research.

Keywords

facial expressions; pain; grimace scales; mice; rat; rabbit

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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