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Life and Death of Fungal Transporters Under the Challenge of Polarity
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Version 1
: Received: 22 July 2020 / Approved: 25 July 2020 / Online: 25 July 2020 (11:00:02 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Dimou, S.; Diallinas, G. Life and Death of Fungal Transporters under the Challenge of Polarity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 5376. Dimou, S.; Diallinas, G. Life and Death of Fungal Transporters under the Challenge of Polarity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 5376.
Abstract
Eukaryotic plasma membrane (PM) transporters face critical challenges that are not widely present in prokaryotes. The two most important issues are proper subcellular traffic and targeting to the PM, and regulated endocytosis in response to physiological, developmental or stress signals. Sorting of transporters from their site of synthesis, the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), to the PM has been long thought, but not formally shown, to occur via the conventional Golgi-dependent vesicular secretory pathway. Endocytosis of specific eukaryotic transporters has been studied more systematically and shown to involve ubiquitination, internalization, and sorting to early endosomes, followed by turnover in the MVB/lysosomes/vacuole system. In specific cases internalized transporters have been shown to recycle back to the PM. However, the mechanisms of transporter forward trafficking and turnover have been overturned recently through systematic work in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans. In this review we present evidence that shows that transporter traffic to the PM takes place through Golgi-bypass and transporter endocytosis operates via a mechanism that is distinct from that of recycling membrane cargoes essential for fungal growth. We discuss these findings in relation to adaptation to challenges imposed by cell polarity in fungi as well as in other eukaryotes and provide a rationale why transporters and possibly other housekeeping membrane proteins ‘avoid’ routes of polar trafficking.
Keywords
traffic; endocytosis; sorting; Aspergillus nidulans; UapA; Golgi; fungi
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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