Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

# NTRU-Like Random Congruential Public-Key Cryptosystem for Wireless Sensor Networks

Version 1 : Received: 3 July 2020 / Approved: 5 July 2020 / Online: 5 July 2020 (11:24:06 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Ibrahim, A.; Chefranov, A.; Hamad, N.; Daraghmi, Y.-A.; Al-Khasawneh, A.; Rodrigues, J.J.P.C. NTRU-Like Random Congruential Public-Key Cryptosystem for Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors 2020, 20, 4632. Ibrahim, A.; Chefranov, A.; Hamad, N.; Daraghmi, Y.-A.; Al-Khasawneh, A.; Rodrigues, J.J.P.C. NTRU-Like Random Congruential Public-Key Cryptosystem for Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors 2020, 20, 4632.

Journal reference: Sensors 2020, 20, 4632
DOI: 10.3390/s20164632

## Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are the core of Internet of Things and require cryptographic protection due to the increase number of attacks. Cryptographic methods for WSN should be fast and consume low power as these networks consist of battery-powered devices and constrained microcontrollers. NTRU, the fastest and secure public key cryptosystem, uses high degree polynomials, and is susceptible to the lattice basis reduction attack (LBRA). CPKC, proposed by NTRU authors, works on integers modulo $q$ and is easily attackable by LBRA since it uses small numbers for the sake of the correct decryption. Herein, RCPKC, a random congruential public key cryptosystem working on integers modulo $q$ is proposed, such that the norm of a two-dimensional vector formed by its private key is greater than $\sqrt{q}$. RCPKC works similar to NTRU, and it is a secure version of insecure CPKC. RCPKC specifies a range from which the random numbers shall be selected, and it provides correct decryption for valid users and incorrect decryption for an attacker using LBRA by Gaussian lattice reduction. Because of its resistance to LBRA, RCPKC is more secure. Simultaneously, due to the use of big numbers instead of high degree polynomials, RCPKC is about 24 (7) times faster in encryption (decryption) than NTRU. Also, RCPKC is more three times faster than the most effective known NTRU variant, BQTRU. Compared to NTRU, RCPKC reduces energy consumption at least seven times that allows increasing life-time of unattended WSN more than seven times.

## Subject Areas

Wireless sensor network; Internet of Things; random congruential public-key cryptosystem; lattice; NTRU; polynomial; lattice basis reduction attack; LLL algorithm; Gaussian lattice reduction

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