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Version 1
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Microgravity, Bone Homeostasis, and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
Version 1
: Received: 17 May 2020 / Approved: 18 May 2020 / Online: 18 May 2020 (03:31:16 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Smith, J.K. Microgravity, Bone Homeostasis, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 4433. Smith, J.K. Microgravity, Bone Homeostasis, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 4433.
Abstract
Astronauts at are risk of losing 1.0 – 1.5% of their bone mass for every month they spend in space despite their adherence to high impact exercise training programs designed to preserve the musculoskeletal system. This article reviews the basics of bone formation and resorption and details how exposure to microgravity or simulated microgravity affects the structure and function of osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and their mesenchymal and hematologic stem cell precursors. It details the critical roles that insulin-like growth facor-1 and its receptor IGFR1 play in maintaining bone homeostasis and how exposure of bone cells to microgravity affects the function of these growth factors. Lastly, it discusses the potential of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, syncytin-A, and sclerostin inhibitors and recombinant IGF-1 as a bone-saving treatment for astronauts in space and during their colonization of the Moon.
Keywords
Insulin-like growth factor-1; Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor; microgravity; osteoblasts; osteocytes; osteoclasts; IGF-1; IGF1R; rIGF-1
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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