Version 1
: Received: 27 February 2020 / Approved: 2 March 2020 / Online: 2 March 2020 (01:08:39 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 30 September 2020 / Approved: 1 October 2020 / Online: 1 October 2020 (08:28:45 CEST)
How to cite:
Qu, F.; Zheng, L.; Zhang, S.; Sun, R.; Slot, J.; Shuhei, M. Bottleneck, Isolate, Amplify, Select (BIAS) as a Mechanistic Framework for Intracellular Population Dynamics of Positive Sense RNA Viruses. Preprints2020, 2020030021. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0021.v2
Qu, F.; Zheng, L.; Zhang, S.; Sun, R.; Slot, J.; Shuhei, M. Bottleneck, Isolate, Amplify, Select (BIAS) as a Mechanistic Framework for Intracellular Population Dynamics of Positive Sense RNA Viruses. Preprints 2020, 2020030021. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0021.v2
Qu, F.; Zheng, L.; Zhang, S.; Sun, R.; Slot, J.; Shuhei, M. Bottleneck, Isolate, Amplify, Select (BIAS) as a Mechanistic Framework for Intracellular Population Dynamics of Positive Sense RNA Viruses. Preprints2020, 2020030021. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0021.v2
APA Style
Qu, F., Zheng, L., Zhang, S., Sun, R., Slot, J., & Shuhei, M. (2020). Bottleneck, Isolate, Amplify, Select (BIAS) as a Mechanistic Framework for Intracellular Population Dynamics of Positive Sense RNA Viruses. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0021.v2
Chicago/Turabian Style
Qu, F., Jason Slot and Miyashita Shuhei. 2020 "Bottleneck, Isolate, Amplify, Select (BIAS) as a Mechanistic Framework for Intracellular Population Dynamics of Positive Sense RNA Viruses" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0021.v2
Abstract
Many positive sense RNA viruses, especially those infecting plants, are known to experience stringent, stochastic population bottlenecks inside the cells they invade, but exactly how and why these populations become bottlenecked are unclear. A model proposed ten years ago advocates that such bottlenecks are evolutionarily favored because they cause the isolation of individual viral variants in separate cells. Such isolation in turn allows the viral variants to manifest the phenotypic differences they encode. Recently published observations lend mechanistic support to this model, and prompt us to refine the model with novel molecular details. The refined model, designated Bottleneck, Isolate, Amplify, Select (BIAS), postulates that these viruses impose population bottlenecks on themselves by encoding bottleneck-enforcing proteins (BNEPs) that function in a concentration-dependent manner. In cells simultaneously invaded by numerous virions of the same virus, BNEPs reach the bottleneck-ready concentration sufficiently early to arrest nearly all internalized viral genomes. As a result, very few (as few as one) viral genomes stochastically escape to initiate reproduction. Repetition of this process in successively infected cells isolate viral genomes with different mutations in separate cells. This isolation prevents mutant viruses encoding defective viral proteins from hitchhiking on sister genome-encoded products, leading to the swift purging of such mutants. Importantly, genome isolation also ensures viral genomes harboring beneficial mutations accrue the cognate benefit exclusively to themselves, leading to the fixation of such beneficial mutations. Further interrogation of the BIAS hypothesis promises to deepen our understanding of virus evolution, and inspire new solutions to virus disease mitigation.
Keywords
virus; population bottleneck; positive sense RNA virus; evolution
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Anatomy and Physiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
1 October 2020
Commenter:
Feng Qu
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
Title was changed to be more specific. The manuscript text was substantially rewritten to further highlight the hypothesis, and discuss various predicted scenarios.
Commenter: Feng Qu
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author