Area-Based Conservation in the 21st Century

How to cite: Maxwell, S.L.; Cazalis, V.; Dudley, N.; Hoffmann, M.; Rodrigues, A.S.; Stolton, S.; Visconti, P.; Woodley, S.; Maron, M.; Strassburg, B.B.; Wenger, A.; Jonas, H.D.; Venter, O.; Watson, J.E. Area-Based Conservation in the 21st Century. Preprints 2020, 2020010104. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202001.0104.v1 Maxwell, S.L.; Cazalis, V.; Dudley, N.; Hoffmann, M.; Rodrigues, A.S.; Stolton, S.; Visconti, P.; Woodley, S.; Maron, M.; Strassburg, B.B.; Wenger, A.; Jonas, H.D.; Venter, O.; Watson, J.E. Area-Based Conservation in the 21st Century. Preprints 2020, 2020010104. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202001.0104.v1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Maxwell, S.L.; Cazalis, V.; Dudley, N.; Hoffmann, M.; Rodrigues, A.S.; Stolton, S.; Visconti, P.; Woodley, S.; Maron, M.; Strassburg, B.B.; Wenger, A.; Jonas, H.D.; Venter, O.; Watson, J.E. Area-Based Conservation in the 21st Century. Preprints 2020, 2020010104. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202001.0104.v1

APA Style

Maxwell, S.L., Cazalis, V., Dudley, N., Hoffmann, M., Rodrigues, A.S., Stolton, S., Visconti, P., Woodley, S., Maron, M., Strassburg, B.B., Wenger, A., Jonas, H.D., Venter, O., & Watson, J.E. (2020). Area-Based Conservation in the 21st Century. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202001.0104.v1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maxwell, S.L., Oscar Venter and James E.M. Watson. 2020 "Area-Based Conservation in the 21st Century" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202001.0104.v1

Abstract

Humanity will soon define a new era for nature – one that seeks to correct decades of underwhelming responses to the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts, which include both protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, are likely to extend and diversify. But persistent shortfalls in ecological representation, management effectiveness and measurable biodiversity outcomes diminish the potential role of area-based conservation in stemming biodiversity loss. Here we show how protected area expansion by governments since 2010 has had limited success in increasing biodiversity coverage, and identify four emergent issues that –if addressed – will enhance the performance of area-based conservation post-2020. We close with recommendations for a broad biodiversity agenda that maximises the potential of area-based conservation. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity must recognise that area-based conservation primarily focuses on local threats to species and ecosystems, and needs enhanced emphasis on biodiversity outcomes to better track and fund its contribution to global conservation efforts.

Keywords

biodiversity; conserved areas; ecosystem services; effectiveness; management; protected areas; representative; targets

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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