Version 1
: Received: 30 October 2019 / Approved: 31 October 2019 / Online: 31 October 2019 (09:41:42 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 5 December 2019 / Approved: 5 December 2019 / Online: 5 December 2019 (11:59:29 CET)
Zhang, W.; Li, B.; Le, M.; Wang, J.; Peng, J. Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement. Sensors2019, 19, 5396.
Zhang, W.; Li, B.; Le, M.; Wang, J.; Peng, J. Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement. Sensors 2019, 19, 5396.
Zhang, W.; Li, B.; Le, M.; Wang, J.; Peng, J. Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement. Sensors2019, 19, 5396.
Zhang, W.; Li, B.; Le, M.; Wang, J.; Peng, J. Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement. Sensors 2019, 19, 5396.
Abstract
Directional modulation (DM), as an emerging promising physical layer security (PLS) technique at the transmitter side with the help of an antenna array, has developed rapidly over decades. In this study, a DM technique using a polarization sensitive array (PSA) to produce the modulation with different polarization states (PSs) at different directions is investigated. A PSA, as a vector sensor, can be employed for more effective DM for an additional degree of freedom (DOF) provided in the polarization domain. The polarization information can be exploited to transmit different data streams simultaneously at the same directions, same frequency, but with different PSs in the desired directions to increase the channel capacity, and with random PSs off the desired directions to enhance PLS. The proposed method has the capability of concurrently projecting independent signals into different specified spatial directions while simultaneously distorting signal constellation in all other directions. The symbol error rate (SER), secrecy rate, and the robustness of the proposed DM scheme are analyzed. Design examples for single- and multi-beam DM systems are also presented. Simulations corroborate that 1) the proposed method is more effective for PLS; 2) the proposed DM scheme is more power-efficient than the traditional artificial noise aided DM schemes; and 3) the channel capacity is significantly improved compared with conventional scalar antenna arrays.
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
5 December 2019
Commenter:
Wei Zhang
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
1) Re-wrote Section 1 (Introduction) to provide more comprehensive review of the background, the related works, and our contribution.
2) Provided Table 1 to improve the readability.
3) Re-organized Section 2 for readers’ easy follow.
4) Re-wrote the SER analysis and simulations in Section 5 & 6.
5) Added some secrecy rate analysis and simulations in Section 5 & 6.
6) Provided some robustness analysis and simulations about the impact of imperfect estimation of the LU’s directions and the depolarization effect of the received signals in Section 5 & 6.
7) Added some important references recommended by the reviewers and other references necessary and made corresponding comparisons.
Commenter: Wei Zhang
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
2) Provided Table 1 to improve the readability.
3) Re-organized Section 2 for readers’ easy follow.
4) Re-wrote the SER analysis and simulations in Section 5 & 6.
5) Added some secrecy rate analysis and simulations in Section 5 & 6.
6) Provided some robustness analysis and simulations about the impact of imperfect estimation of the LU’s directions and the depolarization effect of the received signals in Section 5 & 6.
7) Added some important references recommended by the reviewers and other references necessary and made corresponding comparisons.