Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The role of women in production and management of RTB crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do men decide, and women work?

Joshua Okonya
* ORCID logo ,
Netsayi Mudege
,
Anne Rietveld
ORCID logo ,
Anastase Nduwayezu
,
Deo Kantungeko
,
Bernadette Hakizimana
,
John Nyaga
,
Guy Blomme
,
James Legg
,
Juergen Kroschel
Version 1 : Received: 30 May 2019 / Approved: 3 June 2019 / Online: 3 June 2019 (10:14:15 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Okonya, J.S.; Mudege, N.N.; Rietveld, A.M.; Nduwayezu, A.; Kantungeko, D.; Hakizimana, B.M.; Nyaga, J.N.; Blomme, G.; Legg, J.P.; Kroschel, J. The Role of Women in Production and Management of RTB Crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do Men Decide, and Women Work? Sustainability 2019, 11, 4304. Okonya, J.S.; Mudege, N.N.; Rietveld, A.M.; Nduwayezu, A.; Kantungeko, D.; Hakizimana, B.M.; Nyaga, J.N.; Blomme, G.; Legg, J.P.; Kroschel, J. The Role of Women in Production and Management of RTB Crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do Men Decide, and Women Work? Sustainability 2019, 11, 4304.

Abstract

This paper evaluates the determinants of decision making in relation to the production of four crops (banana, cassava, potato and sweet potato). Understanding the division of labour and decision-making in crop management may lead to designing better interventions targeted at improving efficiency in smallholder agriculture. A household quantitative survey with heads of households involving 261 women and 144 men in Burundi and 184 women and 222 men in Rwanda was conducted in 2014. Most of the decisions and labour provision during production of both cash crops (potato and banana) and food crops (sweet potato and cassava) were done jointly by men and women in male-headed households. Higher values for ‘credit access’, ‘land size’ and ‘farming as the main occupation of the household head’ increased the frequency of joint decision-making in male-headed households. A decline in the amount of farm income reduced the participation of men as decision makers. A reduction in total household income and proximity to the market was correlated with joint decision making. Gender norms also contributed to the lower participation of women in both decision-making and labour provision in banana and potato cultivation. Although a large proportion of decisions were made jointly, women perceived that men participate more in decision-making processes within the household during the production of cash crops. Increased participation by women in decision-making will require an active and practical strategy which can encourage adjustments to existing traditional gender norms that recognise men as the main decision-makers at both the household and community levels.

Keywords

banana; cassava; potato; sweet potato; gender division-of-labour; decision-making

Subject

Social Sciences, Decision Sciences

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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