Version 1
: Received: 29 March 2019 / Approved: 1 April 2019 / Online: 1 April 2019 (09:55:46 CEST)
How to cite:
Nagirner, D.; Jorstad, S. The Standard Cosmological Model: Basic Geometric and Kinematic Features. Preprints2019, 2019040005. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201904.0005.v1
Nagirner, D.; Jorstad, S. The Standard Cosmological Model: Basic Geometric and Kinematic Features. Preprints 2019, 2019040005. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201904.0005.v1
Nagirner, D.; Jorstad, S. The Standard Cosmological Model: Basic Geometric and Kinematic Features. Preprints2019, 2019040005. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201904.0005.v1
APA Style
Nagirner, D., & Jorstad, S. (2019). The Standard Cosmological Model: Basic Geometric and Kinematic Features. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201904.0005.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Nagirner, D. and Svetlana Jorstad. 2019 "The Standard Cosmological Model: Basic Geometric and Kinematic Features" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201904.0005.v1
Abstract
We present a brief history of the construction of models of the universe, followed by calculations of quantitative characteristics of basic geometric and kinematic properties of the Standard Cosmological Model ($\Lambda$CDM). Using the Friedmann equations of uniform space, we derive equations characterizing a $\Lambda$CDM model that describes a universe corresponding to current observational data. The equations take into account the effects of radiation and ultra-relativistic neutrinos. It is shown that the universe at very early and late stages can be described to sufficient accuracy by simple formulas. Certain important moments of cosmic evolution are determined: the times when densities of the gravitational components of the universe become equal, when they contribute equally to the gravitational force, when the accelerating expansion of space begins, and several others. The dependences of different distances on redshift and the scale factor of space are derived. The distance to the sphere that expands with the speed of light (the Hubble distance), and its current and future acceleration, are found. Concepts of a horizon, second inflation, and second horizon are discussed. We consider the remote future of the universe and the opportunity, in principle, of connection with extraterrestrial civilizations.
Keywords
standard model; first and second horizons; cosmological constant
Subject
Physical Sciences, Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
