Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Public Perception of the Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome: A Crowdsourced Study

Version 1 : Received: 5 December 2018 / Approved: 6 December 2018 / Online: 6 December 2018 (10:05:52 CET)

How to cite: Kondziella, D.; Cheung, M.C.; Dutta, A. Public Perception of the Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome: A Crowdsourced Study. Preprints 2018, 2018120082. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201812.0082.v1 Kondziella, D.; Cheung, M.C.; Dutta, A. Public Perception of the Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome: A Crowdsourced Study. Preprints 2018, 2018120082. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201812.0082.v1

Abstract

Background: The vegetative state (VS)/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) denotes brain-injured, awake patients who are seemingly without awareness. Still, up to 15% of these patients show signs of covert consciousness when examined by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or EEG, which is known as cognitive motor dissociation (CMD). Most experts prefer the term unresponsive wakefulness syndrome to avoid the negative connotations associated with vegetative state and to highlight the possibility for CMD. However, the perception of VS/UWS by the public has never been studied systematically. Methods: Using an online crowdsourcing platform, we recruited 1297 participants from 32 countries. We investigated if vegetative state and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome might have a different influence on attitudes towards VS/UWS and CMD. Results: Participants randomized to be inquired about the vegetative state believed that CMD was less common (mean estimated frequency in unresponsive patients 38.07% ± SD 25.15) than participants randomized to unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (42.29% ± SD 26.63; p=0.016). Attitudes towards treatment withdrawal were similar. Most participants preferred unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (60.05%), although a sizeable minority favored vegetative state (24.21%; difference 35.84%, 95% CI 29.36 to 41.87; p<0.0001). Searches on PubMed and Google Trends revealed that unresponsive wakefulness syndrome is increasingly used by academics but not lay people.Discussion: Simply replacing vegetative state with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome may not be fully appropriate given that 1 of 4 prefer the first term. We suggest that physicians take advantage of the controversy around the terminology to explain relatives the concept of CMD and its ethical implications.

Keywords

Brain injury, coma, consciousness, cognitive motor dissociation, disorders of consciousness, ethics, neurorehabilitation, traumatic brain injury

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology

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