Meier-Stephenson, V.; Bremner, W.T.R.; Dalton, C.S.; van Marle, G.; Coffin, C.S.; Patel, T.R. Comprehensive Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Promoter Region Mutations. Viruses2018, 10, 603.
Meier-Stephenson, V.; Bremner, W.T.R.; Dalton, C.S.; van Marle, G.; Coffin, C.S.; Patel, T.R. Comprehensive Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Promoter Region Mutations. Viruses 2018, 10, 603.
Meier-Stephenson, V.; Bremner, W.T.R.; Dalton, C.S.; van Marle, G.; Coffin, C.S.; Patel, T.R. Comprehensive Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Promoter Region Mutations. Viruses2018, 10, 603.
Meier-Stephenson, V.; Bremner, W.T.R.; Dalton, C.S.; van Marle, G.; Coffin, C.S.; Patel, T.R. Comprehensive Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Promoter Region Mutations. Viruses 2018, 10, 603.
Abstract
Over 250 million people are infected chronically with hepatitis B virus (HBV), the leading cause of liver cancer worldwide. HBV persists due in part to its compact, stable minichromosome, the covalently-closed, circular DNA (cccDNA), which resides in the hepatocytes’ nuclei. Current therapies target downstream replication products, however, a true virological cure will require targeting the cccDNA. Finding targets on such a small, compact genome is challenging. For HBV, to remain replication-competent, it needs to maintain nucleotide fidelity in key regions, such as the promoter regions, to ensure that it can continue to utilize the necessary host proteins. HBVdb (HBV database) is a repository of HBV sequences spanning all genotypes (A-H) amplified from clinical samples, and hence implying an extensive collection of replication-competent viruses. Here, we analyzed the HBV sequences from HBVdb using bioinformatics tools to comprehensively assess the HBV core and X promoter regions amongst the nearly 70,000 HBV sequences for highly-conserved nucleotides and variant frequencies. Notably, there is a high degree of nucleotide conservation within specific segments of these promoter regions highlighting their importance in potential host protein-viral interactions and thus the virus’ viability. Such findings may have key implications for designing antivirals to target these areas.
Keywords
hepatitis B virus (HBV); cccDNA; basal core promoter; X promoter; single nucleotide polymorphisms; logo analyses; genotype alignments
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Virology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.