Gopal, S.; Pitts, J.; Li, Z.; Gallagher, K.P.; Baldwin, J.G.; Kring, W.N. Fueling Global Energy Finance: The Emergence of China in Global Energy Investment. Energies2018, 11, 2804.
Gopal, S.; Pitts, J.; Li, Z.; Gallagher, K.P.; Baldwin, J.G.; Kring, W.N. Fueling Global Energy Finance: The Emergence of China in Global Energy Investment. Energies 2018, 11, 2804.
Gopal, S.; Pitts, J.; Li, Z.; Gallagher, K.P.; Baldwin, J.G.; Kring, W.N. Fueling Global Energy Finance: The Emergence of China in Global Energy Investment. Energies2018, 11, 2804.
Gopal, S.; Pitts, J.; Li, Z.; Gallagher, K.P.; Baldwin, J.G.; Kring, W.N. Fueling Global Energy Finance: The Emergence of China in Global Energy Investment. Energies 2018, 11, 2804.
Abstract
Global financial investments in energy production and consumption are significant since all aspects of a country's economic activity, and development require energy resources. In this paper, we assess the investment trends in the global energy sector during, before and after financial crises of 2008 using two data sources: (1) Dealogic database providing cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As), and (2) fDi Intelligence fDi Markets database providing greenfield (GF) foreign direct investments (FDIs). We highlight the changing role of China and compare its M&A and GF FDI activities to those of the United States, Germany, UK, Japan and others during this period. We analyze the investments along each segment of the energy supply chain of these countries to highlight the geographical origin and destination, sectoral distribution, and cross‐border M&As and GF FDI activities. Our paper shows that while energy accounts for nearly 25% of all GF FDI, it only accounts for 4.82% of total M&A FDI activity in the period 1996-2016. China's outbound FDI in the energy sector started its ascent around the time of the global recession and had accelerated in the post-recession phase. In the energy sector, the development of China's outbound cross‐border M&As is similar to USA or UK, located mostly in the developed countries in the west, while their outbound GF investments are spread across many countries around the world. Also, China's outbound energy M&As are concentrated in certain segments (extraction, and electricity generation) while their GF covers all segments of the energy supply chain.
Business, Economics and Management, Econometrics and Statistics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
