Version 1
: Received: 9 July 2018 / Approved: 10 July 2018 / Online: 10 July 2018 (11:05:57 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 18 July 2018 / Approved: 18 July 2018 / Online: 18 July 2018 (09:27:47 CEST)
Lee, J.; Chung, G.; Park, H.; Park, I. Evaluation of the Structure of Urban Stormwater Pipe Network Using Drainage Density. Water2018, 10, 1444.
Lee, J.; Chung, G.; Park, H.; Park, I. Evaluation of the Structure of Urban Stormwater Pipe Network Using Drainage Density. Water 2018, 10, 1444.
Lee, J.; Chung, G.; Park, H.; Park, I. Evaluation of the Structure of Urban Stormwater Pipe Network Using Drainage Density. Water2018, 10, 1444.
Lee, J.; Chung, G.; Park, H.; Park, I. Evaluation of the Structure of Urban Stormwater Pipe Network Using Drainage Density. Water 2018, 10, 1444.
Abstract
In mega cities such as Seoul in South Korea, it is very important to protect the city from the flooding even for the short time of period due to the enormous amount of economic damage. In impervious area of the city, stormwater pipe network is commonly applied to discharge rainfall to the outside of catchment. Therefore, the stormwater pipe network in urban catchment should be carefully designed to discharge the runoff quickly and efficiently. In this study, different types of structures in stormwater pipe network were evaluated using the relationship between the peaks rainfall and runoff in urban catchments in South Korea. More than 400 historical rainfall events were applied in five urban catchments to estimate peak runoff from different type of network structures. Linear regression analysis was implemented to estimate peak runoffs. The coefficient of determination of the regressions were higher than 0.9 which means the regression model represent very well the relationship between the two peaks. However, the variation of the prediction becomes large as the peak rainfall increases and the variation become even larger when the network structure is branched. Therefore, it depends on the structure of stormwater pipe network. When the water paths in the pipe network is unique (branched network), the increased amount of rainfall is congested around the rainwater inlets and the uncertainty of peak runoff prediction is increased. If there are many possible water paths depending on the amount of discharge (looped network), the increased rainfall is discharged more quickly through the many water paths. This can be a way to represent the reliability of the stormwater pipe network. The structures of stormwater pipe network is evaluated using drainage density which is the length of pipes over the unit catchment area and 95% confidence interval. As a result, the 95% confidence interval is increased as the drainage density is increased because the accuracy of peak runoff prediction is decreased. As mentioned earlier, because the looped networks have many alternative water flowing paths, elimination time of rainfall from the catchments become short, the 95% confidence interval become narrow, and the reliability of peak runoff prediction become high. Therefore, it is beneficial to install looped stormwater pipe network within the affordable budget. It is important factor to determine the amount of complexity in stormwater pipe network to decrease the risk of urban flooding.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
