Furler, R.L.; Nixon, D.F.; Brantner, C.A.; Popratiloff, A.; Uittenbogaart, C.H. TGF-β Sustains Tumor Progression through Biochemical and Mechanical Signal Transduction. Cancers2018, 10, 199.
Furler, R.L.; Nixon, D.F.; Brantner, C.A.; Popratiloff, A.; Uittenbogaart, C.H. TGF-β Sustains Tumor Progression through Biochemical and Mechanical Signal Transduction. Cancers 2018, 10, 199.
Furler, R.L.; Nixon, D.F.; Brantner, C.A.; Popratiloff, A.; Uittenbogaart, C.H. TGF-β Sustains Tumor Progression through Biochemical and Mechanical Signal Transduction. Cancers2018, 10, 199.
Furler, R.L.; Nixon, D.F.; Brantner, C.A.; Popratiloff, A.; Uittenbogaart, C.H. TGF-β Sustains Tumor Progression through Biochemical and Mechanical Signal Transduction. Cancers 2018, 10, 199.
Abstract
TGF-β signaling transduces immunosuppressive biochemical and mechanical signals in the tumor microenvironment. In addition to canonical SMAD signaling, TGF-β can promote tumor growth and survival by inhibiting proinflammatory signaling and extracellular matrix remodeling. In this article, we will review how TAK1 activation lies at the intersection of proinflammatory signaling by immune receptors and anti-inflammatory signaling by TGF-β receptors. Additionally, we will discuss the role of TGF-β in the mechanobiology of cancer. Understanding how TGF-β dampens proinflammatory responses and induces pro-survival mechanical signals throughout cancer development will be critical in designing therapeutics which inhibit tumor progression while bolstering the immune response.
Keywords
TGF-β; cancer; immunosuppression; TAK1; mechanobiology; extracellular matrix; tensegrity; DNA damage
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.