Crotoxin-Treated Macrophages Stimulate ROS Production and Killing Activity in Co-Cultured Neutrophils

Renata Begliomini Bruno De-Oliveira; Ellen Emi Kato; Tatiane Soares de Lima; Tatiana Carolina Alba-Loureiro; Rui Curi; Maria Cristina Cirillo; Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio

doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0322.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 23 May 2018 / Approved: 23 May 2018 / Online: 23 May 2018 (09:12:45 CEST)

Crotoxin (CTX), the predominant toxin in Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom (CdtV), has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Despite its inhibitory action on neutrophil migration and phagocytosis, CTX does not directly affect the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the neutrophils. In contrast, it enhances the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates by macrophages. Given the importance of macrophage-neutrophil interactions in innate antimicrobial defense, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CTX on neutrophil ROS production and killing activity, either through CTX-treated macrophage co-culture or conditioned medium of CTX-treated macrophages. The results showed an important modulatory action of CTX on the neutrophil function as well as neutrophil-macrophage interactions, as demonstrated by the increased production of hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid, nitric oxide and TNF-α, along with the increased fungicidal activity of neutrophils.

crotoxin; macrophages; neutrophils; inflammation; ATP; reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; cytokines; co-culture model

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Crotoxin-Treated Macrophages Stimulate ROS Production and Killing Activity in Co-Cultured Neutrophils

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