Article
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Primary Cilium Polarity: Morphogenetic Consequences
Version 1
: Received: 2 March 2018 / Approved: 6 March 2018 / Online: 6 March 2018 (04:57:46 CET)
How to cite: Regolini, M. Primary Cilium Polarity: Morphogenetic Consequences . Preprints 2018, 2018030041. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201803.0041.v1 Regolini, M. Primary Cilium Polarity: Morphogenetic Consequences . Preprints 2018, 2018030041. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201803.0041.v1
Abstract
In zebrafish inner ear, hair cell orientation in anterior and posterior maculae of the embryonic otic vesicle is different (about 30–40 degrees): this is rather unusual in planar polarity mechanism of action, instead suggests that kinocilia may be rotationally polarized. In mice node, the innermost monociliated cells generate a left-ward fluid flow sensed by the immotile primary cilia of Left peri-nodal cells: the Nodal signaling pathway is then expressed asymmetrically, in the Left lateral plate mesoderm, breaking symmetry in visceral organs (situs solitus); however, Right peri-nodal cells also, if artificially excited by a right-ward flow, break symmetry and activate the Nodal cascade, though inverting visceral organ asymmetry (situs inversus); surprisingly, peri-nodal cells prove to be adept at distinguishing flow directionality. Recently, in the Kupffer vesicle (the zebrafish laterality organ), chiral primary cilia orientation has been described: primary cilia, in the left and right side, are symmetrically oriented, showing a mirror average divergence of about 15–20 degrees from the midline. This finding, taken together with the mirror behavior of mouse perinodal cells and zebrafish hair cells, champions the idea of primary cilia enantiomerism.
Keywords
mouse node; Kupffer’s vesicle; primary cilium; asymmetry; symmetry breaking; bilateral symmetry; cell chirality; centriole; centrosome
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Anatomy and Physiology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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