Version 1
: Received: 5 June 2017 / Approved: 5 June 2017 / Online: 5 June 2017 (05:43:56 CEST)
How to cite:
Lee, S.; Park, S.; Kim, J.; Lee, W.; Chung, H. Prevalence of Human Norovirus by Genotype in Contaminated Groundwater in Korea Over the Last Decade (2007-2016). Preprints2017, 2017060027. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201706.0027.v1
Lee, S.; Park, S.; Kim, J.; Lee, W.; Chung, H. Prevalence of Human Norovirus by Genotype in Contaminated Groundwater in Korea Over the Last Decade (2007-2016). Preprints 2017, 2017060027. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201706.0027.v1
Lee, S.; Park, S.; Kim, J.; Lee, W.; Chung, H. Prevalence of Human Norovirus by Genotype in Contaminated Groundwater in Korea Over the Last Decade (2007-2016). Preprints2017, 2017060027. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201706.0027.v1
APA Style
Lee, S., Park, S., Kim, J., Lee, W., & Chung, H. (2017). Prevalence of Human Norovirus by Genotype in Contaminated Groundwater in Korea Over the Last Decade (2007-2016). Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201706.0027.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Lee, S., Wonseok Lee and Hyen-Mi Chung. 2017 "Prevalence of Human Norovirus by Genotype in Contaminated Groundwater in Korea Over the Last Decade (2007-2016)" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201706.0027.v1
Abstract
This study investigated the presence of human Norovirus (HuNoV) by genotype in 1,486 groundwater samples, collected from 843 groundwater wells suspected of contamination during 2007-2016, in Republic of Korea. We identified and genotyped 186 HuNoV sequences in 178 HuNoV-positive samples using the RIVM-NoroNet norovirus genotyping tool (NGT) and phylogenetic tree analysis based on RIVM-NoroNet reference sequences. HuNoV GII was more prevalent than GI. The major genotypes detected were HuNoV GII.4 (43.0%), GII.22 (15.6%), GI.5 (10.2%) and GI.1 (8.6%); 14 genotypes accounted for < 5.0%. Increasing HuNoV GII.17 has displayed a worldwide trend, including in Europe and Asia since 2010, and it was the dominant HuNoV genotype during 2013-2014 in Korea. However, HuNoV GII.4 was the major genotype detected in groundwater in Korea in 2015-2016, and it is becoming increasingly prevalent similar to HuNoV GII.17.
Keywords
genotype; groundwater; human norovirus; HuNoV; HuNoV genotype
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Virology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Conclusions well supported