These authors equally contributed as corresponding author in this study.
Version 1
: Received: 30 January 2017 / Approved: 31 January 2017 / Online: 31 January 2017 (12:10:39 CET)
How to cite:
Park, C.; Song, M.J.; Choi, N.W.; Kim, S.; Jeon, H.P.; Kim, S.; Kim, Y. Eco-Safety Assessment of Glyoxal-Containing Cellulose Ether on Freeze-Dried Microbial Strain, Cyanobacteria, Daphnia, and Zebrafish. Preprints2017, 2017010136. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201701.0136.v1
Park, C.; Song, M.J.; Choi, N.W.; Kim, S.; Jeon, H.P.; Kim, S.; Kim, Y. Eco-Safety Assessment of Glyoxal-Containing Cellulose Ether on Freeze-Dried Microbial Strain, Cyanobacteria, Daphnia, and Zebrafish . Preprints 2017, 2017010136. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201701.0136.v1
Park, C.; Song, M.J.; Choi, N.W.; Kim, S.; Jeon, H.P.; Kim, S.; Kim, Y. Eco-Safety Assessment of Glyoxal-Containing Cellulose Ether on Freeze-Dried Microbial Strain, Cyanobacteria, Daphnia, and Zebrafish. Preprints2017, 2017010136. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201701.0136.v1
APA Style
Park, C., Song, M.J., Choi, N.W., Kim, S., Jeon, H.P., Kim, S., & Kim, Y. (2017). Eco-Safety Assessment of Glyoxal-Containing Cellulose Ether on Freeze-Dried Microbial Strain, Cyanobacteria, <em>Daphnia</em>, and Zebrafish<strong> </strong>. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201701.0136.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Park, C., Sanghun Kim and Youngjun Kim. 2017 "Eco-Safety Assessment of Glyoxal-Containing Cellulose Ether on Freeze-Dried Microbial Strain, Cyanobacteria, <em>Daphnia</em>, and Zebrafish<strong> </strong>" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201701.0136.v1
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the aquatic-toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulose ether with four different glyoxal concentrations (0, 1.4, 2.3 and 6.3%) in response to global chemical regulations, e.g., European Union Classification, Labeling and Packaging (EU CLP). Tests of the aquatic-toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulose ether on 11 freeze-dried microbial strains, Microcystis aeruginosa, Daphnia magna and zebrafish embryos were designed as an initial stage for toxicity screening, and were performed with the standardized toxicity test guidelines. Glyoxal-containing cellulose ether showed no significant toxic effects in the toxicity tests for the 11 freeze-dried microbial strains, Daphnia magna and zebrafish embryos. Alternatively, 6.3% glyoxal-containing cellulose ether led to more than a 60% reduction of Microcystis aeruginosa growth after 7 days of exposure. Approximately 10% developmental abnormalities (e.g., bent spine) in zebrafish embryos were also observed in the group exposed to 6.3% glyoxal-containing cellulose ether after 6 days of exposure. These results imply that <6.3% glyoxal-containing cellulose ether results in non-toxic effects on the acute toxicity of aquatic organisms. However, ≥6.3% glyoxal-containing cellulose ether may affect the health of aquatic organisms with long-term exposure. In order to better evaluate the eco-safety of cellulosic products contained in glyoxal, further studies regarding the toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulose ether with long-term exposure are required. The results from this study allow us to evaluate the auatic-toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulosic products, under EU chemical regulations, on the health of aquatic organisms.
Keywords
Aquatic-toxic effects; EU chemical regulation; Glyoxal-containing cellulose ether
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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