Addressing on Mechanism of Different Types of ENSO and Related Teleconnections and Solar Influence

A flow-chart is presented depicting atmosphere-ocean coupling, which is initiated by decadal solar variability. Possible mechanisms for Canonic ENSO, Modoki ENSO and Canonic-Modoki ENSO are proposed and their relevance to the decadal variation of Hadley, Walker circulation and mid-latitude jets are discussed. We also show subsequent teleconnections by ENSO for eg., on ISM with a special emphasis on later two decades of the last century. As there is a disruption of the usual ENSO-ISM teleconnection, we discussed on possible mechanism. The role of volcanos and the change in sun-NAO connection were discussed. The regional Hadley circulation, via NAO in the northern hemisphere and Indian Ocean Dipole in the southern hemisphere, may have a role in the change of ISM behaviour. Such flow-chart helps to improve our understanding of various types of ENSO in both temporal as well as spatial scale. It subsequently can benefit the modelling community by improved representation of ENSO in models.