Bifenthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. It is used worldwide against different agricultural pests. Nervous system (NS) is the primary target organ for the pyrethroid group of insecticide which causes hyper excitation. The aim of this study to determine the effects of bifenthrin on the brain of rabbits. The animals were treated for 14 days with three different doses (1/5th, 1/10th and 1/15th of LD50) of bifenthrin. Neurotransmitters and Histopathological alterations were observed at the end of the experiments. Neurochemical parameters were checked 24 hours after the last dose. Significant changes in the level of biogenic amines were observed. The levels of epinephrine (EPN), dopamine (DA), 3, 4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were decreased as compared to controls group with the increase in insecticide. However, norepinephrine (NE) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels were found to be significantly higher than those of the controls. A significant reduction in the activity of the acetyl cholinesterase enzyme was found in the frontal cortex’s erythrocyte, plasma and brain of rabbit with the increase in administered bifenthrin. The oxidative stress showed significantly decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S- transferase (GST) with the increase in dose of bifenthrin. Histopathological study of brain tissues showed normal GC (glial cells) and NC (neuronal cells) in the frontal cortex of brain tissue of control groups while the treated groups showed evacuation (odema), elongation of pyramidal nucleus, glial cell damage and brain haemorrhage.

Lamb wave-based structural health monitoring is widely acknowledged as a reliable 11 method for damage identification, classification, localization and quantification. However, due to 12 the complexity of Lamb wave signals, especially after interacting with structural components and 13 defects, interpreting these waves and extracting useful information about the structure's health is 14 still a major challenge. However, deep learning-based strategy offers a great opportunity to address 15 such challenges as the algorithm can operate directly on raw discrete time-domain signals. Unlike 16 traditional methods, which often require careful feature engineering and preprocessing, deep learn-17 ing can automatically extract relevant features from the raw data. This paper proposes an autoen-18 coder based on a bidirectional long short-term memory network with maximal overlap discrete 19 wavelet transform layer to detect the signal anomaly and determine the location of the damage in 20 the composite structure. This approach has the potential to greatly enhance our ability to detect and 21 locate structural damage in composite structures, thereby increasing safety and efficiency.

The versatile one-pot green synthesis of a highly concentrated and stable colloidal dispersion of AgNPs was carried out using the self-assembled tannic acid without using any other hazardous chemicals. Tannic acid (Plant-based polyphenol) was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent for silver nitrate in a mild alkaline condition. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized for their concentration, capping, size distribution, and shape. The experimental results confirmed the successful synthesis of nearly spherical and highly concentrated (2281 ppm) AgNPs, capped with poly-tannic acid (AgNPs-PTA). The average particle size of AgNPs-PTA was found 9.90 ± 1.60 nm. The colloidal dispersion of synthesized nanoparticles was observed stable for more than 15 months in the ambient environment (25 oC, 65 % relative humidity). The synthesized AgNPs-PTA showed an effective antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus Aureus Escherichia coli. Ag-PTA also exhibited enhanced catalytic properties. It reduces 4-nitrophenol into 4-aminophenol in the presence of NaBH4 with a normalized rate constant (Knor = K/m) of 615.04 mL·s-1·mg-1. Furthermore, AgNPs-PTA were stable for more than 15 months under ambient conditions. The unique core-shell structure and ease of synthesis render the synthesized nanoparticles superior to others, with potential for large-scale applications, especially in the field of catalysis and biomedical.

Inflammation is an important biological response to any tissue injury. The immune system responds to any stimulus, such as irritation, damage, or infection, by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1b, can lead to several diseases eg.,, cardiovascular diseases, joint disorders, cancer, and allergies. Emerging science suggests that whole grains may lower the markers of inflammation. Whole grains are a significant source of dietary fibres and phenolic acids that have inverse association with the risk of inflammation. The dietary fibres and phenolic acids composition of whole grains is very distinct over different grains. Whole grains (cereals and pseudo-cereals) are rich in both dietary fibres e.g., arabinoxylan, β-glucan and phenolic acids e.g., hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, which are predominantly present in the bran layer. Although the biological mechanisms underlying widely reported association between whole grains consumption and a lower risk diseases are not fully understood. The modulatory effects of whole grains on inflammation also likely to be influenced by several mechanisms, including the effect of dietary fibres and phenolic acids, while some of these effects are direct, others involve gut microbiota, which transform important bioactive substances into more useful metabolites that moderate inflammatory signaling pathway. Thus, the aim of this review is two folded: first is to discuss the types of dietary fibres and phenolic acids commonly found in cereals and pseudo-cereals, and their health benefits observed in animal and human studies. Second, we review existing literature on the linkage between consumption of whole grains and markers of subclinical inflammation, the role of dietary fibres, phenolic acids, and gut microbiota on the anti-inflammatory activity of whole grains intake. Altogether, scientific data on the ant-inflammatory properties of whole grains are encouraging, further researches are needed to cover the gap between the emerging sciences of whole grains dietary fibres, phenolic acids and inflammation.