From Diagnosis to Treatment: Navigating the Challenge of Rectal Neurofibromas

Neurofibromas are rare benign tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, predominantly associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Isolated colorectal neurofibromas that arise in patients without clinical manifestations of NF1 are extremely rare and are frequently identified inadvertently during endoscopic examinations. The rarity of these conditions complicates diagnosis, necessitating histopathologic and immunohistochemical validation. We report a case of an incidental rectal submucosal neurofibroma found during a colonoscopy performed to evaluate chronic constipation in a patient with no previous diagnosis of neurofibromatosis.