Analysis of Metagenomic Sequencing Characteristics of Vaginal Microbiota in Vaginal Inflammatory Diseases

Vaginitis is one of the benign diseases that troubles women. Due to the various pathogenic bacteria, different types of vaginitis have their own characteristics and treatment methods. To investigate whether different types of vaginitis have distinct microbiota in the female reproductive tract, and whether bacteria may have specific functions. This is a cross-sectional study involving 53 patients who visited the gynecology clinic of Peking University People's Hospital for examination. Vaginal secretions were collected from each participant. Samples were used for metagenomic sequencing. Our results identified that patients with various types of vaginitis exhibited increased vaginal microbiota diversity. The vaginal microbiota of patients with AV is mainly composed of Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Prevotella. Mobiluncus.mulieris is an important biomarker for patients in the AV_BV group. CARD analysis showed that the relative abundance of resistance gene efrB in the healthy group was significantly higher than in the other vaginitis groups. The relative abundance of the immune modulation-related virulence factor LOS (VF0044) in the healthy group was significantly lower than in the AV group, AV_BV group, and the BV group. The vaginal flora of patients in the AV_BV and VVC_BV groups exhibited structural similarities to that of the BV group. The antibiotic resistance genes in the microbiota urgently requires clinical attention.