A Multi-Method Decision Framework for Assessing Barriers to Sustainable Perishable Agro-Product Supply Chains in Bangladesh

The perishable agro-product supply chain in Bangladesh faces numerous barriers that contribute to food spoilage, economic losses, and reduced supply chain efficiency. Identifying and understanding the interrelationships among these barriers is essential for developing a resilient and sustainable supply chain. This study aims to identify, prioritize, and analyze the critical barriers affecting the perishable agro-product supply chain in Bangladesh. A three-phase methodology integrating the Delphi method, Best-Worst Method (BWM), and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) was employed. Initially, barriers were identified through an extensive literature review and expert consultation. Subsequently, BWM was applied to rank the barriers based on their relative importance, while ISM was utilized to examine their hierarchical relationships and driving-dependence structure. The findings revealed 24 significant barriers affecting the supply chain. BWM results indicated that lack of government support for adopting green supply chain management (GSCM), product freshness depletion, informal payments to local influential groups and law-enforcement agencies, lack of support and guidance from regulatory authorities, and climate change are the most critical barriers. ISM analysis further demonstrated that lack of government support, lack of support and guidance from regulatory authorities, and climate change are the key driving barriers that significantly influence other supply chain obstacles. A nine-level hierarchical structure was developed to illustrate the interrelationships among the identified barriers. The proposed framework provides valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and supply chain managers to formulate effective risk mitigation strategies, enhance supply chain resilience, reduce food wastage, and promote sustainable agro-product supply chain management in Bangladesh.