Conceptual Gravity Model and Reconfiguration of International Trade.

International trade is undergoing a growing transformation driven by geopolitical ten-sions, the adoption of stringent regulatory frameworks, and the increasing incorporation of sustainability criteria; therefore, explaining bilateral trade flows regains importance when analyzed through the gravity model. This study analyzed trends in international trade from geopolitical, regulatory, and sustainability perspectives to propose an expand-ed conceptual gravity model that comprehensively incorporates these dimensions. The re-search was grounded in the hermeneutic paradigm, employing a qualitative-interpretive method that synthesized a systematic literature review with grounded theory procedures for an interactive analysis of 83 scientific articles indexed in Scopus, selected using the PRISMA method and published between 2014 and 2026, which included conceptual op-erationalization as a systematization exercise. The results confirm the convergence among the dimensions identified in the literature, and based on the synthesis of the scientific lit-erature, an expanded gravity model is proposed that strengthens the explanatory power of the gravity model and establishes an agenda for future research aimed at application in various trade contexts using econometric evidence.