Protection of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Dam Development and GLOF Mitigation: A Comprehensive Review

This research paper examines the critical intersection of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) protection, dam development, and glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) mitigation in mountain regions, particularly the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalaya (HKKH) region. Drawing from 77 peer-reviewed studies, this review synthesizes evidence on how indigenous and local knowledge systems can be protected and integrated into large-scale infrastructure projects and disaster risk reduction strategies. Key findings reveal that while TEK offers invaluable insights for GLOF early warning systems and community-based adaptation, significant gaps persist in formal protection mechanisms, particularly in dam planning contexts. The paper identifies successful participatory frameworks, documents persistent challenges in knowledge integration, and proposes policy recommendations for safeguarding TEK while enhancing climate resilience in vulnerable mountain communities. This synthesis is particularly timely given the accelerating impacts of climate change on glacial systems and the expansion of hydropower infrastructure in high-mountain Asia.