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Hyperbolic Extension of Parabolic Trigonometry: Wilker, Lazarevi´c, Wu-Debnah, Cusa-Huygens and Shafer Type Inequalities

Submitted:

22 April 2026

Posted:

24 April 2026

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Abstract
Recently, a new generalization of hyperbolic functions called para-hyperbolic functions has been introduced. However, properties of the para-hyperbolic functions have not been investigated yet. In this paper, we derive the correct explicit formulas of the para-hyperbolic sine and cosine, study elementary properties of these functions, and explore which of the inequalities that hold for trigonometric and hyperbolic functions find their counterparts for para-hyperbolic functions. Namely, we prove a Wilker type inequality, Cusa-Huygens and Lazarević type inequality, Wu-Debnah modification of Wilker type inequality and Shafer type inequality for para-hyperbolic functions.
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Copyright: This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.
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