Morphological Distribution of Aquatic Microplastics and Their Potential Implications for Liver Disease Pathogenesis

Background: Microplastics (MPs) are a pervasive environmental contaminant, with growing evidence implicating them in human health risks. While toxicological studies have explored their effects, the specific role of particle morphology (shape) in driving biological outcomes remains poorly characterized. This is particularly relevant for liver pathology, where particle shape may influence cellular uptake, inflammation, and toxicity. Objective: This study aimed to conduct a secondary analysis of a national public dataset to quantify the morphological distribution of MPs in aquatic environments and evaluate the potential implications of these prevalent shapes for liver disease pathogenesis. Methods: We performed an integrated analysis of microplastic data collected via manta trawl and publicly available on Data.gov. The dataset comprised [mention number of samples or particles here, if available] samples from surface waters. Data on particle count, morphology, color, and size were extracted and cleaned. Frequency distributions for morphological categories were calculated using R software (v4.3.1) and the tidyverse package suite. Results: Analysis of 20,000 individual microparticles revealed a clear morphological distribution: fragments were the most abundant category (49.8%), closely followed by fibers (40.3%). Foam, film, spheres, and fiber bundles constituted smaller proportions (5.7%, 2.2%, 1.7%, and 0.4%, respectively). The prevalence of fibers and fragments represents the dominant morphological profile in surface waters. Conclusion: The high abundance of microfibers is of significant toxicological concern. Their linear, biopersistent nature enhances their potential for cellular interaction and pro-inflammatory effects, which may directly contribute to key mechanisms of liver disease pathogenesis, including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and immune dysregulation. This morphological analysis underscores the need to consider physical particle characteristics in environmental risk assessments for hepatic health.