Submitted:
06 February 2026
Posted:
06 February 2026
You are already at the latest version
Abstract
Repeated measures ANOVA is the statistical method for comparing means of the same sample measured at least two different times, or two different contexts. It may also be used to compare means between two or more related groups. This paper serves as a tutorial for repeated measures ANOVA using R. It will introduce readers to parametric, nonparametric and robust one-way repeated measures ANOVA using the rstatix, afex, WRS2, and ARTool packages.
Keywords:
repeated measures ANOVA
; analysis of variance
; statistics education
; statistical programming
; R programming
; repeated measures analysis of variance
Copyright: This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.
