Link Performance Modeling and Module-Level Optimization in 5G Networks Networks: Scientific Advances, Deployment Challenges, and Global Perspective

5G Networks deployment is an important milestone in wireless communication. This research looks into the Indian scientific view on 5G, concentrating on link performance estimation and module-operation optimization. Indian scientists have made contributions towards aspects such as energy-efficient network architectures, Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) optimization, and broadband coverage modeling. Nonetheless, additional India-focused research will be required to solve deployment-related challenges unique to India. Performance estimation is based on system-level simulations, measurement-based methods, and analytical models, each with their own limitations like scalability issues and model accuracy dependencies. A hybrid method combining these methods can enhance accuracy. Module-operation optimization increases network efficiency by optimizing dynamic resource allocation, energy-efficient transmission, interference management, and load balancing via network slicing and Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC). Real-world implementation intricacies continue to exist. India's heterogeneity of infrastructure, expensive spectrum, and differentiated service expectations demand customized solutions. Research in the future needs to concentrate on AI-optimized optimization, real-time adaptive algorithms, and cyber security boosters. There needs to be a multidisciplinary strategy incorporating engineering, economics, and policy to enable sustainable deployment of 5G. Future research must investigate quantum computing and block chain for secure, optimized networks.