Mechanisms of Action of Low-Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Fields in Pain Control

Abstract Low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields (LFPMFs) are a recently developed modality for managing pain and promoting wound healing. The term LFPMF is used to describe low-intensity fields in wound and tissue studies, and is referred to as magnetic peripheral nerve stimulation (mPNS) in pain-related studies. The recent clearance of the first mPNS device for treating pain due to diabetic neuropathy by the FDA marks a watershed event in the clinical acceptance of these modalities. In addition to being within the frequency range of 0.5-100 Hz, the use of electromagnetic fields rather than electrical current, which dissipates in tissues, results in several therapeutic advantages of magnetic fields. These fields permeate tissues and affect a larger area. Most dramatically, patients (approximately 60-75%) (1) can experience neuronal blockade immediately upon application and have a resulting dramatic pain reduction even if they have had neuropathic pain symptoms for years. Interestingly, it is thought that the neuronal blockade effect may potentiate the peripheral reconditioning of the CNS in terms of long-term pain control.