1. Introduction
Throughout this paper, we denote by
a bounded domain of
and by
the set of all holomorphic functions on
. We also denote by
a holomorphic map of
on itself (self-map) and by
a generic element of
. A weighted composition operator
is defined as
If
,
reduces to the composition operator, usually denoted by
. If
, we have the multiplication operator, usually denoted by
.
In recent years, there has been great interest in the study of (weighted) composition operators between spaces of various domains. For example, on the unit disk, some properties of weighted composition operators between
and Bloch space and between Bloch space and weighted Banach space have been extensively discussed by Allen in [
1,
2], respectively. Pu characterised the sufficient and necessary conditions of bounded and compact composition operators from Bloch space to Bers-type space and small Bers-type space [
3]. Zhong, Wang and Liu [
4,
5] also discussed sufficient and necessary conditions for the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operator between Bers-type spaces, obtaining the same results.
For the unit ball, Jin and Tang [
6] investigated the sufficient and necessary conditions for the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operator between Bers-type spaces, which generalize the results obtained for the unit disk in [
4,
5]. Du and Li [
7] studied the properties of weighted composition operators from
space to Bloch space. In [
8], Dai described the characteristics of Lipschitz space on the unit ball, and gave the necessary and sufficient conditions for the weighted composition operators on Lipschitz space to be bounded and compact. Zhou et al. studied the properties of weighted composition operators from Bers-type space to Bloch space [
9].
Concerning the polydisc, Li and Zhang [
10] discussed the equivalence of compactness conditions for composition operators between Bloch type spaces on the polydisc, and gave the simplest representation of the compactness conditions. The boundedness and compactness of composition operators of general weight Bloch spaces were studied by Hu in [
11]. Stevi
investigated the boundedness and compactness of composition operators between special weight Bloch space and
space in [
12]. Later, in [
13,
14], together with Li , the conclusions were extended to the case of weighted composition operators.
In 1930, E. Cartan [
15] fully characterized the irreducible bounded symmetric domains into six types: four types of Cartan domains and two exceptional domains of complex dimensions 16 and 27, respectively. The four types of Cartan domains are defined as follows:
where
are positive integers,
means that
Z is a
complex matrix,
denotes the conjugate of
Z and
denotes the transpose of
Z.
For the sake of convenience, the four Cartan domains will be denoted by the shorthands
and
, respectively, throughout the papers. Su revisited the classical extremal problem on Cartan domains in [
16]. Wang and Liu studied the Bloch constant on Cartan domain of the first kind in [
17].
In 1998, building on the notion of Cartan domains, Yin was inspired by Roos to construct a new type of domain called the Cartan-Hartogs domains:
where
and
denote respectively the Cartan domains of the first type, second type, third type and fourth type,
denotes the conjugate of
Z and
denotes the transpose of
Z,
are positive integers,
k is positive real number.
In this framework, Bai [
18] discussed the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators between Bers-type spaces on Cartan-Hartogs domain of the first type, and obtained necessary and sufficient conditions. In [
19], Su and Zhang studied the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators from
to the special weight Bloch space on Cartan-Hartogs domain of the first type. The boundedness and compactness of composition operators between special weight Bloch spaces on Cartan-Hartogs domain of the fourth type were studied by Su and Zhang in [
20].
For , the Cartan-Hartogs domain of the first type reduces to the unit ball.
Yin then constructed four types of Cartan-Egg domains [
21], later extending the Cartan-Egg domains to Hua domains [
22]:
where
,
.
are positive integers,
are positive real numbers.
The explicit formula of the Bergman kernel function on the four types of Hua domains have been obtained in [
22]. Li, Su and Wang [
23] discussed an extremal problem on Hua domains of the second type. In [
24,
25,
26], Liu et al. studied the convexity of Hua domains of the first, second and third type respectively, and computed the Carath
odory metric and Kobayashi metric on these three domains. Su et al investigated the boundness and compactness of composition operators between u-Bloch space and v-Bloch space on Hua domains of the first type [
27]. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness and compactness of weighted composite operators between Bers-type spaces on four types of Hua domains are characterized by Jiang and Li in [
28].
In 2003, Yin once again extended the Hua domains to the generalized Hua domains [
29]:
where
;
.
are positive integers,
are positive real numbers. When
, the generalized Hua domains are the Hua domains.
The explicit formula of the Bergman kernel function on the four types of generalized Hua domains have been obtained in [
29]. Su and Wang studied the boundedness and compactness of operators
between Bloch space and Bers space on generalized Hua domains of the first type, and obtained some sufficient conditions and necessary conditions [
30].
In 2005, Yin extended the generalized Hua domains and proposed a type of domains named Hua Constructions [
31]. Both Hua domains and generalized Hua domains are special cases of Hua Construction. Cartan-Hartogs domains, Cartan-Egg domains, Hua domains, generalized Hua domains and Hua Constructions are collectively referred to as Hua domains, see [
33]. The Hua domains is generally not transitive except for the unit ball. It is thus very meaningful to study the problem on Hua domains.
Ahn-Park [
35]introduced the generalized Cartan-Hartogs domain:
where
is one of the six bounded symmetric domains, and
is the corresponding generic norm of
.
m is positive integer. This type of domains generalizes the Cartan-Hartogs domain introduced by Yin and Roos.
Wang et al. proved vanishing theorem on generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains of the second type in [
36,
37], and [
38] discussed the boundedness and compactness of composition operators between weighted Bloch spaces on generalized Cartan-Hartogs domain of the first type. A considerable attention has been devoted to Rawnsley’s
-functions and to the comparison theorem for the Einstein-Kahler and Kobayashi metrics on generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains, see e.g., [
39,
40]. Other conclusions on the generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains can be found in [
41,
42,
43]. On the other hand, the properties of weighted composition operators between Bers-type spaces on generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains have not been studied.
Starting from these results, we introduce a novel type of domains, which we term the generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domain:
where
are positive integers,
are positive real numbers, and
,
. The generic norm
are holomorphic for
and antl-holomorphic for
, where
.
should meet the following two conditions:
We use the shorthand for the generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domain and denote the points of by , where , .
In the fourth Section of this paper, we will further prove that generalized Hua domains, Cartan-Hartogs domains, generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains, generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains with different types of Cartan domains as bases, and generalized ellipsoidal-type domains are special generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domain.
A Bers-type space on is defined as follows:
Definition 1.1.
Let . A Bers-type space on , denoted by , consists of all holomorphic functions on satisfying
It is easy to see that is a Banach space.
In this paper, we study the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operator between Bers-type spaces on the generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domain, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions, which are relevant generalizations of some previous conclusions.
As some applications, in the fourth section of this paper, we will prove sufficient and necessary conditions for the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators between Bers-type spaces on five domains: generalized Hua domains, Cartan-Hartogs domains, generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains, generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains with different types of Cartan domains as bases, and generalized ellipsoidal-type domains. Here, we briefly anticipate them:
For , if , then let if , then let where k is positive real number. In this case, the generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains are equivalent to generalized Hua domains.
For , starting from the generalized Hua domains, let . If , then let if , then let where k is positive real number. In this case, the generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains are Cartan-Hartogs domains.
For , if , then let if , then let , where are positive real numbers, In this case, the generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains are generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains. The boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operator between Bers-type spaces on generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains will be discussed by examples from generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains and generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains over different types of Cartan domains, respectively.
For , if , then let ; if , then let ; if , then let , where denotes the integer part of and if , let. In this case, we refer to this generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains as generalized ellipsoidal-type domains.
Constants will be denoted by , they are positive and may differ in the different cases. Without loss of generality, we assume that , that is , and .
4. Main applications
In this Section, we discuss several special cases of generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains, and obtain five specific domains in which the necessary and sufficient condition for the boundness and compactness of weighted composition operators between Bers-type spaces may be specifically characterized.
4.1. The generalized Hua domains
For
, consider the quantity
where
k is positive real number. In this case, the generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains are the generalized Hua domains:
denote respectively the generalized Hua domains of the first, second, and the fourth kind. The Bers-type spaces on
may be defined as follows
Definition 4.1. Let .
The Bers-type space consists of all satisfying
The Bers-type space consists of all satisfying
The Bers-type space consists of all satisfying
To prove that the above generalized Hua domains are special cases of the generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains, we need to verify that and satisfy conditions (1.1) and (1.2). Indeed, we have
Lemma 4.1. The following statements hold.
If and , then
If and , then
Proof. Assume that , and that .
For
, applying Lemma 2.3, there exist
unitary matrixes
such that
and
Then, it turns out that
and according to Lemma 2.4, there exists a square matrix
P, such that
where
is a permutation of
. Using (2.2) and (2.3), we have
For
, there exists a unitary matrix
such that
This completes the proof of (4.2).
Assume , then the polar decompositions of are similar to (4.4) and (4.5), thus (4.3) can be proved in the same way. □
Lemma 4.2 (see [
32]).
The linear transformation:
maps the domain
onto the domain
Lemma 4.3 (see [
32]).
If are matrices which satisfy , then and is nonsingular.
Lemma 4.4.
Let , then there exist two second-order square matrices such that
Proof. If
, then there exists a
real orthogonal square matrix
such that the two
N-dimensional vectors
z and
w can be written as
According to Lemma 4.2, we have
where
By Lemma 4.3, we get
. Hence,
and
This completes the proof of the Lemma. □
Lemma 4.5.
If , and , then
Proof. For
, Lemma 4.4 ensures that there exist two second-order square matrices
such that
where
are identical to (4.7) and (4.8), respectively. By (4.2), we have
This completes the proof of the Lemma. □
Lemma 4.6. If , then .
Proof. Since
, there exists a real orthogonal square matrix
such that
where
. Therefore,
which implies that
At the same time,
that is
, then
. Furthermore, when
, we have
. Hence,
. This completes the proof of the Lemma.
□
By the definition of the Cartan domains of the first kind and second kind, clearly meet (1.1). From Lemma 4.6, meets (1.1). Meanwhile, upon using Lemmas 4.1 and 4.5, we have that when k meets certain conditions, and meet conditions (1.2). Therefore, those generalized Hua domains are special cases of generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains. Using Theorems 3.1 and 3.2, we obtain the conditions for the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators between Bers-type spaces on generalized Hua domains.
Let us now consider a holomorphic self-map of . Let us write for and for .
Corollary 4.1. If are positive numbers, ϕ is a holomorphic self-map of and , then the following statements hold.
If , then the weighted composition operator is bounded iff
If , then the weighted composition operator is bounded iff
If , then the weighted composition operator is bounded iff
Corollary 4.2. If are positive numbers, ϕ is a holomorphic self-map of and , then the following statements hold.
If , then the weighted composition operator is compact iff and
If , then the weighted composition operator is compact iff and
If , then the weighted composition operator is compact iff and
Remark 4.1. Corollaries and express the sufficient and necessary conditions for boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators between Bers-type spaces on generalized Hua domains of the first, second, and the fourth kind. This is new result, not obtained before. In order to prove analogue results for the generalized Hua domains of the third type, we should prove that “ if , then ". We have tried to prove this inequality by the polar decomposition of , without successs so far. This will be the subject of future analysis.
4.2. The Cartan-Hartogs domains
For
and
,
is equivalent to (4.1). In this case, the generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains are the following Cartan-Hartogs domains:
where
.
denote the Cartan-Hartogs domains of the first, second, and the fourth kind, respectively. The Bers-type spaces on
are defined by:
Definition 4.2. Let .
The Bers-type space consists of all satisfying
The Bers-type space consists of all satisfying
The Bers-type space consists of all satisfying
By the definition of the Cartan domains of the first kind and second kind, clearly meet (1.1). From Lemma 4.6, meets (1.1). Meanwhile, using Lemmas 4.1 and 4.5, we have that when k meets certain conditions, and meet conditions (1.2). Therefore, those Cartan-Hartogs domains are special cases of generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains. According to Theorems 3.1 and 3.2, we obtain the conditions for boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators between Bers-type spaces on the Cartan-Hartogs domains .
Assume that is a holomorphic self-map of , and let us write for and for . We have
Corollary 4.3. If are positive numbers, ϕ is a holomorphic self-map of , and , then the following statements hold.
If , then the weighted composition operator is bounded iff
If , then the weighted composition operator is bounded iff
If , then the weighted composition operator is bounded iff
Corollary 4.4. If are positive numbers, ϕ is a holomorphic self-map of and , then the following statements hold.
If , then the weighted composition operator is compact iff and
If , then the weighted composition operator is compact iff and
If , then the weighted composition operator is compact iff and
For , the Cartan-Hartogs domain of the first kind is the simple unit ball . The sufficient and necessary conditions for the weighted composition operator to be bounded and compact are summarized as follows
Corollary 4.5. Given , a holomorphic self-map ϕ of , and , then the weighted composition operator
is bounded if and only if
is compact if and only if and
This result is consistent with the conclusion of Jin and Tang in [11].
From Corollary 4.5, by setting , we may obtain the boundedness and compactness conditions for weighted composition operators between Bers-type space on the unit disk, which are consistent with the results of [9, 10].
Corollary 4.6. Given , a holomorphic self-map ϕ of and , then the weighted composition
is bounded if and only if
is compact if and only if and
4.3. The generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains
For
, let us introduce
where
are positive real numbers,
In this case, those generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains are generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains. We consider the case in which
simultaneously belong to
, and assume
, then let
. We refer to this domain as
, with formal definition
Definition 4.3.
Let , the Bers-type space consists of all satisfying
For , by the definition of the Cartan domain of the first kind, clearly meet (1.1), if satisfy , then Lemma 4.1 implies that satisfy conditions (1.2). Therefore, the generalized Cartan-Hartogs domain is a generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domain, and we may easily obtain conditions for the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operator between Bers-type spaces on .
Assume that is a holomorphic self-map of , and consider for .
Corollary 4.7. For , , , a holomorphic self-map ϕ of and , the following statements hold.
The weighted composition operator is bounded iff
The weighted composition operator is compact iff and
In particular, for
is the ordinary generalized Cartan-Hartogs domain
.
If we set in Corollary 4.7, we obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators between Bers-type spaces on the generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains .
4.4. The generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains over different Cartan domains
For
, we introduce
as in (4.10),
In this case, those generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains are generalized Cartan-Hartogs domains. Here, we consider the case in which
belong to different Cartan domains. Taking
as an example, let
and refer to this domain as
by setting
Definition 4.4.
For , the Bers-type space consists of all satisfying
For , by the definition of the Cartan domains of the first kind and second kind, clearly meet (1.1), if satisfy , then by Lemma 4.1 we know that satisfy conditions (1.2). Therefore, the generalized Cartan-Hartogs domain is a special case of generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains. Taking Theorems 3.1 and 3.2 into account, we obtain the conditions for the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators between Bers-type spaces on .
Assume that is a holomorphic self-map of and write for . We have
Corollary 4.8. Given , , , a holomorphic self-map ϕ of and , then the following statements hold.
The weighted composition operator is bounded iff
The weighted composition operator is compact iff and
4.5. The generalized ellipsoidal-type domains
For
, let us introduce
where
denotes the integer part of
. In this case, we refer to those generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains as the generalized ellipsoidal-type domains.
,, and denote generalized ellipsoidal-type domains of the first, second, third, and fourth kind, respectively. The Bers-type spaces on ,, and may be defined as follows
Definition 4.5. Let .
The Bers-type space consists of all satisfying
The Bers-type space consists of all satisfying
The Bers-type space consists of all satisfying
The Bers-type space consists of all satisfying
In order to prove that the above generalized ellipsoidal-type domains are special cases of generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains, we need to prove the following Lemma first.
Lemma 4.7. The following statements hold.
If , then and for all we have
If , then , and for all we have
If , then , and for all we have
If , then , and for all we have
Proof. For
, we have
, that is
. According to the two inequalities
and
, we obtain
For
, we may write
then
, and easily obtain the proof.
For
, we have
, that is
. According to the two inequalities
and
, we obtain
For
, we have
, that is
. According to the two inequalities
and
, we obtain
This completes the proof of the Lemma. □
The above Lemma shows that and satisfy conditions (1.1) and (1.2). Therefore, the generalized ellipsoidal-type domains are special case of the generalized Hua-Cartan-Hartogs domains, and we may obtain the boundedness and compactness conditions for weighted composition operators between Bers-type spaces on these domains.
Assume that is a holomorphic self-map of . Let us write for , and write for .
Corollary 4.9. Given , a holomorphic self-map ϕ of , and , then the following statements hold.
The weighted composition operator is bounded iff
The weighted composition operator is bounded iff
The weighted composition operator is bounded iff
The weighted composition operator is bounded iff
Corollary 4.10. Given , a holomorphic self-map ϕ of , and , then the following statements hold.
The weighted composition operator is compact iff and
The weighted composition operator is compact iff and
The weighted composition operator is compact iff and
The weighted composition operator is compact iff and