Ying, C.; Huang, L.; Chen, H.; Zhang, Y.; Yao, D. Modification and Stabilization of Collapsible Loess Using Diammonium Phosphate Solution. Crystals2024, 14, 426.
Ying, C.; Huang, L.; Chen, H.; Zhang, Y.; Yao, D. Modification and Stabilization of Collapsible Loess Using Diammonium Phosphate Solution. Crystals 2024, 14, 426.
Ying, C.; Huang, L.; Chen, H.; Zhang, Y.; Yao, D. Modification and Stabilization of Collapsible Loess Using Diammonium Phosphate Solution. Crystals2024, 14, 426.
Ying, C.; Huang, L.; Chen, H.; Zhang, Y.; Yao, D. Modification and Stabilization of Collapsible Loess Using Diammonium Phosphate Solution. Crystals 2024, 14, 426.
Abstract
The collapsible loess will rapidly soften and lose its bearing capacity when soaked in water. Under a mild condition (20°C), the biomimetic inorganic agent, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), reacts with calcite in the collapsible loess, producing a stronger bonding material, hydroxyapatite (HAP), to modify and stabilize the soil. Uniaxial compression, permeability tests and morphological analysis using XRD and SEM/EDX microscopy were carried out to assess the effectiveness of DAP stabilization on the collapsible loess. The results indicated that HAP improved the inter-particle bonding within loess, filled the pores within particles, reduced the permeability, and consequently mitigated collapsibility of loess. The compressive strength of DAP-treated loess increased as DAP concentration increased. Following 28-days curing, the compressive strength of the loess treated with a 3.0 mol/L DAP solution was six times greater than that of the untreated group. DAP's reinforcement effect on loess was superior to that of cement. The compressive strength of DAP-treated loess was about double that of cement-treated loess and the permeability coefficient was reduced by more than 50% at equivalent solid content. Furthermore, DAP generated 68% fewer carbon emissions compared to Portland cement. Considering eco-friendly and sustainable development, DAP offers a more competitive alternative for modification and stabilization of loess.
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