Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

How a Thermodynamic Version of the Friedmann Equation Appears to Solve the Early Galaxy Formation Problem

Version 1 : Received: 31 March 2024 / Approved: 1 April 2024 / Online: 2 April 2024 (15:44:00 CEST)

How to cite: Haug, E.; Tatum, E. How a Thermodynamic Version of the Friedmann Equation Appears to Solve the Early Galaxy Formation Problem. Preprints 2024, 2024040159. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.0159.v1 Haug, E.; Tatum, E. How a Thermodynamic Version of the Friedmann Equation Appears to Solve the Early Galaxy Formation Problem. Preprints 2024, 2024040159. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.0159.v1

Abstract

Based on our recent thermodynamic formulation of the Friedmann equation, we demon- strate how the age of the universe must be approximately 14.6 billion years. This is about 800 million years older than predicted by the Λ-CDM model and therefore greatly alleviates the early galaxy formation problem.

Keywords

 Cosmic time; thermodynamic Friedmann equation; early galaxy formation; CMB temperature; Hubble constant

Subject

Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics

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